---
aliases:
- TTSA
- To The Stars Inc.
- To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc.
- TTS AAS
- To The Stars
category: Private Organization
location: San Diego, California
relations:
- fn: 6
  reverse: true
  role: co-founder, President and interim Chief Executive Officer; majority shareholder
    through Gravity Holdings, LLC
  start: 2017
  type: founded
  with: '[[Tom DeLonge]]'
- end: 2021-02
  fn: 6
  reverse: true
  role: Vice President of Science and Technology and board member; resigned from the
    board February 2021 and moved to the science advisory board
  start: 2017
  type: director_of
  with: '[[Hal Puthoff]]'
- fn: 6
  reverse: true
  role: founder, Vice President Operations and director
  start: 2017
  type: director_of
  with: '[[Jim Semivan]]'
- end: 2024
  fn: 14
  role: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement 19-15, Novel and Emerging Technology
    Exploitation, with the Ground Vehicle Systems Center
  start: 2019-10-10
  type: partner_of
  with: '[[U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command]]'
- fn: 10
  reverse: true
  role: advances, notes, lines of credit and share conversions
  start: 2016
  type: funded
  with: '[[Tom DeLonge]]'
- fn: 15
  reverse: true
  role: Chief Operating Officer, elected by the board August 6, 2018
  start: 2018-08-06
  type: head_of
  with: '[[Stephen Justice]]'
start: 2017
summary: To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science (TTSA) was a public benefit corporation
  founded by musician Tom DeLonge of the band Blink-182.
tags:
- Organization
- UAP
- TTSA
- LuisElizondo
updated: 2026-10-04
---

[To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science](/organizations/to-the-stars-academy-of-arts-science/) (TTSA) was a public benefit corporation founded by musician [Tom DeLonge](/people/tom-delonge/) of the band Blink-182. The organization's goal was to investigate [Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena](/concepts/unidentified-anomalous-phenomena/) (UAP) and other fringe scientific topics, and to educate the public about these issues through a combination of scientific research, entertainment, and publishing.[^1]

### Founding and Mission

Tom DeLonge founded TTSA in 2017 with the goal of bringing the UAP conversation out of the shadows and into the mainstream. He assembled a team of former high-ranking government officials and scientists to lead the organization, including [Luis Elizondo](/people/luis-elizondo/), [Christopher Mellon](/people/christopher-mellon/), [Jim Semivan](/people/jim-semivan/), and [Hal Puthoff](/people/hal-puthoff/).[^1]

The company was structured with three divisions: Science, Aerospace, and Entertainment. The plan was to use the entertainment division to generate revenue that would fund the scientific and aerospace research. TTSA released three Navy videos, "FLIR" ([Tic Tac](/events/tic-tac/)), "[GIMBAL](/events/gimbal/)," and "GoFast," on its YouTube page. The 2017 [New York Times](/organizations/new-york-times/) article that revealed the existence of AATIP carried two of them (FLIR1 and GIMBAL), and GOFAST followed in March 2018.[^1][^2] The Black Vault describes the videos as "subsequently released by To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science, the source of where the New York Times originally received them." [Pentagon](/organizations/pentagon/) spokesperson Christopher Sherwood told *The Intercept* in 2019 that the videos were released "for research purposes ... and not for general public release," and the [Department of Defense](/organizations/department-of-defense/) stated on April 27, 2020 that it "authorized the release of three unclassified Navy videos," which had been "circulating in the public domain after unauthorized releases in 2007 and 2017." [Politico](/organizations/politico/) reported in 2021 that the Washington Headquarters Services declassification division had approved the videos "for unlimited distribution" inside the government before the Times placement. The Office of the Secretary of Defense file released to The Black Vault under the [Freedom of Information Act](/events/freedom-of-information-act/) in August 2019 contains an August 23, 2017 email in which [Luis Elizondo](/people/luis-elizondo/) asked Michael Russo of the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review to "consider our request for unrestricted release"; an August 24, 2017 reply from Russo that if the service-level classification authority verified that removing the metadata made the videos unclassified, "please feel free to move forward with release"; and a DD Form 1910 whose publication-data block reads "Not Applicable. Not for publication. Research and analysis ONLY and info sharing with other USG and industry partners for the purposes of developing a database to help identify, analyze and ultimately defeat UAS threats." Joseph Gradisher, a Navy spokesman, said in 2019 that neither the cognizant Navy offices nor the review office had a record of correspondence responding to a request for unrestricted release of the videos in 2017.[^3] Mellon said in 2020 that he received the videos in the Pentagon parking lot from a Defense Department official.[^4][^5][^2]

### Role in UAP Disclosure

TTSA played a significant role in the early stages of the modern UAP disclosure movement. The organization provided a platform for Luis Elizondo to speak publicly about his work with [AATIP](/programs/advanced-aerospace-threat-identification-program/) after he resigned from the [Pentagon](/organizations/pentagon/). The company also produced the television show "Unidentified: Inside America's UFO Investigation" on the History Channel, which featured Elizondo and other former government officials investigating UAP cases.[^1]

While the organization was ultimately not financially successful and many of its key members, including Elizondo, Mellon, and Puthoff, eventually moved on, TTSA was instrumental in raising the public profile of the UAP issue and helping to break the long-standing stigma surrounding the topic.[^1]

### Registration, offerings and proceeds

To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc., a Delaware public benefit corporation of Encinitas, California ([SEC](/organizations/securities-and-exchange-commission/) CIK 1710274, file number 24R-00116), filed an offering statement on Form 1-A on August 15, 2017; the SEC qualified it on September 29, 2017, for the sale of Class A common stock with a minimum of 1,000,000 dollars and a maximum of 50,000,000 dollars. Its Regulation A annual reports (Form 1-K) and semiannual reports (Form 1-SA) state the following proceeds.[^6][^7]

First offering: approximately 1,370,000 dollars raised, with proceeds net of offering costs of approximately 1,172,000 dollars during 2018 (offering costs of about 244,000 dollars in 2017 and 199,000 dollars in 2018); 274,046 new Class A shares were issued to investors in 2018.[^7] Second offering (qualified July 12, 2019, up to 30,000,000 dollars): approximately 818,000 dollars raised by its expiry in July 2020 per the fiscal 2020 report (the fiscal 2021 report gives 161,762 shares sold at 5 dollars, 808,810 dollars gross), net proceeds of about 336,000 dollars in 2019 and 167,200 dollars in 2020.[^8] Third offering (qualified September 18, 2020, described as up to 6,000,000 shares in the 2020 report and up to 30,000,000 dollars in the 2021 report, with Digital Offering, LLC as selling agent at a 7.0 percent fee plus warrants for 2.0 percent of gross proceeds): approximately 113,500 dollars raised before the company stopped marketing it on December 18, 2020.[^8] Fourth offering (qualified March 31, 2022): approximately 488,790 dollars raised before termination on November 3, 2022.[^9] The four stated figures sum to approximately 2,790,290 dollars gross (2,781,100 dollars using the 808,810 dollar figure for the second offering).

### Losses

The filings report a net loss from operations of 422,670 dollars for 2016; 30,665,436 dollars for 2017, of which stock-based compensation expense was 29,535,799 dollars (including 18,958,333 dollars recognized on the option grant to Kari DeLonge); 10,660,495 dollars for 2018 (stock-based compensation 9,165,417 dollars); 9,392,988 dollars for 2019; 4,071,560 dollars for 2020 (the fiscal 2020 statement of operations shows an operating loss of 3,935,621 dollars, the figure the fiscal 2021 report gives for 2020); 581,396 dollars for 2021; 1,339,512 dollars for 2022 (the fiscal 2022 statements show a net loss of 1,351,896 dollars, the figure the fiscal 2023 report gives for 2022); 143,387 dollars for 2023; 57,388 dollars for 2024; and 225,736 dollars for 2025. The report for the six months to June 30, 2026 states a net loss of 134,424 dollars against 315,829 dollars for the same period of 2025. The reports for fiscal 2021 through 2025 carry a going-concern paragraph.[^7][^8][^9]

### Founder shares and the 2019 rescission

In May 2017 the corporation issued 12,500,000 shares of Class A and 5,400 shares of Class B stock to Gravity Holdings, LLC (controlled through the DeLonge Family Trust), JimSem1, LLC (wholly owned by Jim Semivan) and Harold Puthoff "in exchange for a nominal cash payment and past and anticipated future efforts to support the company's business and objectives"; Gravity Holdings held 60,000,000 Class A shares, 85.7 percent of the class in the first annual report, after receiving 55,000,000 shares on June 1, 2017 for contributing To The Stars, Inc. In April 2019 the company executed a Rescission and Relinquishment Agreement that cancelled 58,174,203 issued shares of Class A stock and 7,359,687 awards or options; the issuances to Gravity Holdings, JimSem1 and Puthoff were reduced to 9,428,240, 786,580 and 392,620 shares, and Kari DeLonge's option (granted June 6, 2017 for 5,000,000 shares at 0.003 dollars) was reduced to 785,240 shares.[^6][^10]

### Officer and director compensation

The first annual report (fiscal 2017) lists cash compensation of 100,000 dollars to Kari DeLonge (Chief Content Officer, sister of Tom DeLonge), 67,962 dollars to Lisa Clifford (Secretary) and 31,584 dollars to the firm of Louis Tomassino (Chief Financial Officer) for accounting and tax services, and states that its subsidiary To The Stars, Inc. "did not compensate its executive officer and sole director, Tom DeLonge in cash" while Gravity Holdings, LLC received 60,000,000 Class A shares and DeLonge was owed 100,000 dollars in royalties for 2017; the three directors as a group received 67,500,000 Class A and 5,400 Class B shares. For fiscal 2018 the highest-paid officers were Kari DeLonge (100,256 dollars), Lisa Clifford (74,617 dollars) and Stephen Justice, Chief Operations Officer (43,792 dollars). For fiscal 2019 the table lists J. Christopher Mizer (director since May 14, 2019, paid 30,000 dollars in cash and 300,000 restricted shares under an Independent Director Agreement at 5,000 dollars per month) alongside Kari DeLonge (100,000) and Lisa Clifford (45,871). Mizer is also co-founder of Vivaris Capital, LLC, which held a consulting agreement from August 2019 at 10,000 dollars per month; on June 23, 2021 the company terminated it, agreed that 170,000 dollars was owed, and settled for 40,000 dollars in cash plus 108,333 shares at 1.20 dollars. Mizer was paid 30,000 dollars in director's fees in each of 2021 through 2025. Luis Elizondo, Hal Puthoff, Jim Semivan and Christopher Mellon do not appear in the compensation tables; the filings describe their roles but do not report their pay, except for the statements of work with EarthTech International below.[^6][^7][^8][^11]

### Related-party financing by Tom DeLonge

Our Two Dogs, Inc., owned by the DeLonge Family Trust (99 percent) and Chloe the Dog, LP (1 percent), advanced 511,414 dollars in 2017, of which 463,414 dollars was reclassified as contributed capital; it also held a loan of 300,000 dollars (April 2016), raised to 600,000 dollars in August 2017 at 6 percent. On March 31, 2019 it forgave the 600,000 dollar principal and 88,123 dollars of interest (688,123 dollars, treated as contributed capital). A licensing agreement of April 26, 2017 with Tom DeLonge, Mr. Handsome, LLC and Good In Bed Music, ASCAP, covering his name, likeness and Angels and Airwaves works, carries a minimum royalty of 100,000 dollars per year (0.5 to 15 percent of gross sales above that), recorded as cost of revenue and unpaid as of the end of 2017, 2018 and 2019 (accumulated 100,000, 200,000 and 300,000 dollars). In 2018 DeLonge extended a 495,000 dollar revolving line of credit at 8.58 percent, secured by company intellectual property (335,000 dollars outstanding at the end of 2018 and 463,837 dollars at the end of 2019); in July 2019 the company bought a set of metamaterials from DeLonge for 35,000 dollars. Total amounts owed to DeLonge were 791,123 dollars (end of 2017), 1,288,148 dollars (2018), 963,763 dollars (2019) and 727,043 dollars (2020). In June 2021 the line of credit balance (517,435 dollars plus 52,364 dollars interest) and 372,165 dollars in personal advances (including 157,244 dollars used to pay credit card balances) were converted into 784,970 shares of Class A stock, and the fiscal 2021 report states both that 607,121 dollars of 2021 advances were converted at 1.20 dollars per share and that additional advances of 392,200 dollars through December 31, 2021 were converted to 326,834 shares. In March 2026 DeLonge, then described as chief executive, lent 42,000 dollars, repaid in April 2026, and on July 7, 2026 lent 150,000 dollars at 5 percent to be repaid from 5 percent of weekly receipts.[^6][^7][^10][^8][^12]

### EarthTech International statements of work

In August 2018 the company entered two statements of work with [EarthTech International](/organizations/earthtech-international/), Inc., "whose founder and president is company Director Harold E. Puthoff": one for materials analysis ("SOW-MSSA," 35,000 dollars) and one for beamed energy propulsion launch systems ("SOW-BELS," 25,000 dollars), totaling 60,000 dollars, of which 30,000 dollars was paid during 2018. The materials statement of work was described as covering "materials samples the company obtains through reliable reports of advanced aerospace vehicles of unknown origin."[^13]

### Army Cooperative Research and Development Agreement

Exhibit 6.28 to the company's Form 1-A/A of August 3, 2020 is Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 19-15, "Novel and Emerging Technology Exploitation (NETE)," between the company and the [U.S. Army](/organizations/us-army/) Combat Capabilities Development Command Ground Vehicle Systems Center, Warren, Michigan. It was signed on October 10, 2019 by Jeffrey L. Langhout, Director of the Ground Vehicle Systems Center, and by Kari DeLonge as officer of the company. The government principal investigators are Ben Soave and Dr. Joseph Cannon (Ground Vehicle Survivability and Protection); the collaborator's principal investigator and preferred contact is Luis Elizondo, listed as "Director of Global Security and Special Programs." The term is 60 months from signature; the milestone table runs technical work from October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2023.

The agreement's work plan states that the collaborator "has access to advanced materiel solutions" and "contacted Government about the innovations within their hold," that "Collaborator leaders are prior Government employees," and that "the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) can share historical reports of findings and origin of materiel solutions in the possession of the Collaborator." The government is to test "inertial mass reduction, mechanical/structural metamaterials, electromagnetic metamaterial wave guides, quantum physics, quantum communications, and beamed energy propulsion," with the company to supply "samples of mechanical and EM sensitive metamaterial collected, obtained, or developed as part of its Field Operations," material analysis data, and beamed energy propulsion and active camouflage hardware. Article 7.2 states that the government "will not provide any federal or other funds to the Collaborator"; the payment schedule reads "None"; the government's anticipated resources are estimated at 750,000 dollars and the collaborator's at 1,000,000 dollars "determined by business needs and funding availability." The document describes the company as incorporated in [California](/places/california/); the SEC registrant is a Delaware corporation. Article 4.8.3 provides that the work "may cover Classified national security information" and refers to a DD Form 254.[^14]

Annual reports from 2021 describe the Army testing of "anomalous materials" provided by the company, slowed by the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. The reports for 2024 and 2025 state that, "as part of their oversight and through the CRADA," Oak Ridge National Laboratory was tasked with analysis of a specimen "to assess whether the specimen is of terrestrial origin and the bismuth in the specimen could act as a terahertz waveguide"; that in April 2024 ORNL "produced a summary of findings that concluded the Materials to be terrestrial in origin" and not meeting "the theoretical requirements to function as a terahertz (THz) waveguide"; that the report "did not offer a firm conclusion as to the origin and purpose of the Materials"; that Hal Puthoff and [Eric Davis](/people/eric-davis/) met the laboratory in September 2024 and published a memorandum to the company's board in February 2025 which "did not reveal any form of proof of exotic (Extraterrestrial, Ultra-terrestrial, or inter-dimensional) origin, but it did not absolutely rule it out either"; and that the CRADA ended in 2024. The reports state that the [All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office](/organizations/all-domain-anomaly-resolution-office/) was "congressionally mandated" in 2022 to explore historical records of unidentified anomalous phenomena incidents.[^12]

### Personnel changes reported to the SEC

The company's Form 1-SA for the six months ended June 30, 2018, accepted by the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 25, 2018 and filed September 26, 2018, reports under "Other Information" that the subsidiaries Love Movie, LLC and Poet Productions, LLC were dissolved on June 27, 2018; that "On August 6, 2018, the Board elected Steve Justice as Chief Operating Officer"; and that "Advisory Board member Dr. Garry Nolan resigned, effective August 31, 2018."[^15]

The report's related-party note states that "monies due to Mr. DeLonge under related party transactions totaled $871,964 and $791,123 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively," that royalties of 50,000 dollars were due to the Tom DeLonge licensing entities for each of the 2018 and 2017 interim periods, and that in August 2018 the company opened a revolving line of credit from DeLonge of up to 495,000 dollars at 8.58 percent per year, maturing December 31, 2019 and "secured by certain intellectual property rights associated with brand assets." As of September 25, 2018 the company had borrowed 100,000 dollars under it. The same note records the two August 2018 statements of work with EarthTech International, whose "founder and president is company Director Harold E. Puthoff" (Hal Puthoff).[^15]

Colm Kelleher resigned from the advisory board in October 2019. The annual report for 2020 states that Christopher Mellon resigned from the advisory board in November 2020, that Stephen Justice resigned as Chief Operations Officer in December 2020, that "Luis Elizondo, the Company's Director of Government Programs & Services, was laid off with severance" in December 2020, and that Hal Puthoff resigned from the board in February 2021 and moved to the science advisory board. The report describes these changes as part of a "pivot" to entertainment operations.[^8]

### Launch and the December 2017 placement

At a launch event in October 2017 (reported as October 11, 2017, Seattle), Tom DeLonge invited Luis Elizondo onstage; Elizondo said the group was "planning to provide never-before-released footage from real [U.S. government](/organizations/us-government/) systems." Gideon Lewis-Kraus reported that on October 4, 2017, a week before, Christopher Mellon had arranged for the journalist [Leslie Kean](/people/leslie-kean/) to meet Hal Puthoff, Jim Semivan and Elizondo at a hotel bar near the Pentagon, where she was told she could have the videos with chain-of-custody documentation "if she could place a story in the Times." Bryan Bender wrote in 2021 that Mellon, "by then also a paid adviser to DeLonge's TTSA," served as Elizondo's "unofficial public relations manager" and "started dangling the story to the New York Times, POLITICO and several other mainstream outlets."[^16][^5] Bender also wrote that DeLonge, in 2016, "reached out to Christopher Mellon" and that in the same year "one of DeLonge's cold calls unearthed the name" of Elizondo.[^5] The Times and Politico published on December 16, 2017; see [December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report](/events/december-2017-new-york-times-aatip-report/). Politico's article of that date described the company as "a for-profit company" co-founded by DeLonge, quoted DeLonge's video calling it a "public benefit corporation," reported that its website "claims 2,142 investors, who have purchased slightly more than $2 million worth of shares" with "a minimum purchase of $200 in common stock shares," and placed Mellon at "a recent press conference for To The Stars in [Las Vegas](/places/las-vegas/)" describing a Navy pilots' sighting; Elizondo was listed as "director of global security and special programs."[^17]

Mellon told the Politico writer: "Tom called me up out of the blue and then through him I met Jim and Hal." DeLonge told Bender: "From day one, I figured I needed knights of the round table."[^5]

### Pentagon position on Elizondo and the venture

In 2019 Sherwood told *The Intercept* that "Mr. Elizondo had no responsibilities with regard to the AATIP program while he worked in OUSDI, up until the time he resigned effective 10/4/2017." TTSA spokesperson Kari DeLonge told John Greenewald that Elizondo ran AATIP "out of the Office for the Secretary of Defense (OSD) under the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USDI)" after taking it over in 2010; Sherwood's office disputed this. Susan Gough of the Pentagon told Greenewald on June 13, 2019 that "DIA administered AATIP, and Elizondo was never assigned to DIA." Puthoff, a TTSA co-founder, told Greenewald that as contractor and senior adviser he "continued to attend meetings" under the program.[^4][^18]

### Filings (EDGAR)

SEC EDGAR lists the registrant as CIK 0001710274, incorporated in Delaware, with business address 315 S. Coast Highway 101, Suite U38, Encinitas, California, SIC 7819; first Form 1-A filed August 15, 2017, amendments September 1 and 18, 2017, further 1-A filings February 12, 2019, June 23, 2020 and March 16, 2022, and a Form 1-SA filed September 18, 2026 under file number 24R-00116. The registrant's conformed name changed to "To The Stars Inc." on September 28, 2021. The first offering statement (file 024-10728, Form 1-A of August 15, 2017, amended September 1 and 18) was qualified on September 29, 2017, and later offerings were qualified on July 12, 2019 (024-10946), September 18, 2020 (024-11243) and March 31, 2022 (024-11831); annual Forms 1-K were filed from 2018 through April 29, 2026.[^19]

The offering circular dated September 29, 2017 describes the company as "a public benefit corporation founded in 2017 by a former senior Intelligence Officer with the [CIA](/organizations/central-intelligence-agency/), a distinguished research scientist from the Department of Defense, and an award-winning artist"; offers Class A common stock at 5.00 dollars a share (minimum 200,000 shares, maximum 10,000,000 shares, minimum investment 40 shares or 200 dollars, escrow agent Prime Trust, LLC); lists as officers appointed May 25, 2017 Thomas DeLonge (president and chief executive), James Semivan (vice president, operations) and Harold Puthoff (vice president, science and technology), with Semivan and Puthoff also named as directors; and lists an Advisory Board of Chris Mellon, Adele Gilpin, Norman Kahn, Colm Kelleher, [Garry Nolan](/people/garry-nolan/) and Paul Rapp. Elizondo is not named in the circular. It states that in May 2017 the company issued 12,500,000 shares of Class A and 5,400 shares of Class B common stock to Gravity Holdings, LLC, JimSemI, LLC and Harold Puthoff for nominal cash and past and anticipated efforts; that on June 1, 2017 Gravity Holdings (whose sole member, with Archive West Investments, is the DeLonge Family Trust) contributed the shares of To The Stars, Inc. in exchange for 55,000,000 Class A shares; and that in June 2017 the company granted "employees and advisors" 9,000,000 options and 2,500,000 restricted shares under its 2017 Stock Incentive Plan.[^20]

### Galileo Project

On October 30, 2021 [Harvard](/organizations/harvard-university/)'s [Galileo Project](/organizations/galileo-project/) announced Mellon and Elizondo as research affiliates, crediting them with being "pivotal in bringing about the Pentagon's release and confirmation" of the three videos.[^21]

[^1]: Elizondo, Luis. *Imminent*. William Morrow, 2024.
[^2]: U.S. Department of Defense. "Statement by the Department of Defense on the Release of Historical Navy Videos," April 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/2020id_/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ ; Greenewald, John, Jr. "Navy Officially Releases UFO/UAP Videos, Calls Them 'Historical.'" The Black Vault, April 27, 2020. https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/navy-officially-releases-ufo-uap-videos-calls-them-historical/; Banias, MJ. *Vice,* October 20, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-guy-says-he-was-the-source-of-the-pentagons-ufo-videos/ (Mellon's on-camera statement; Vice could not verify).
[^3]: [[The Black Vault]], FOIA release of Office of the Secretary of Defense case 18-F-0644, August 2019 (emails of August 23 and 24, 2017 between Luis Elizondo and Michael Russo of the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review, with the DD Form 1910; the form's text is poorly legible in the scan and is quoted as transcribed in the research notes), https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/18-F-0644.pdf ; Joseph Gradisher quoted in "U.S. Navy Confirms Videos Depict Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, Not Cleared for Public Release," The Black Vault, September 2019, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/u-s-navy-confirms-videos-depict-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-not-cleared-for-public-release/
[^4]: Kloor, Keith. "The Media Loves This UFO Expert Who Says He Worked for an Obscure Pentagon Program. Did He?" *The Intercept,* June 1, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/06/01/ufo-unidentified-history-channel-luis-elizondo-pentagon/
[^5]: Bender, Bryan. "The Hidden History of How Washington Embraced UFOs." *Politico Magazine,* May 28, 2021. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/05/28/ufos-secret-history-government-washington-dc-487900
[^6]: To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc., Form 1-K for fiscal 2017, filed April 30, 2018 (accession 0001144204-18-023727), including Exhibits 6.7 to 6.11. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420418023727/0001144204-18-023727.txt ; offering circular, Form 1-A/A filed September 18, 2017 (accession 0001144204-17-048316). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420417048316/0001144204-17-048316.txt
[^7]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2018, filed April 30, 2019 (accession 0001144204-19-022341). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420419022341/0001144204-19-022341.txt
[^8]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2020, filed April 30, 2021 (accession 0001493152-21-010202). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000149315221010202/0001493152-21-010202.txt ; Form 1-K for fiscal 2021, filed May 2, 2022 (accession 0001493152-22-011769). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000149315222011769/0001493152-22-011769.txt
[^9]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023, liquidity sections; Form 1-SA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, filed September 18, 2026 (accession 0001493152-26-043283). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000149315226043283/0001493152-26-043283.txt
[^10]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2019, filed June 12, 2020 (accession 0001104659-20-072815). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000110465920072815/0001104659-20-072815.txt
[^11]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2022 (accession 0001493152-23-014729), fiscal 2023 (0001493152-24-016672), fiscal 2024 (0001641172-25-005183) and fiscal 2025 (0001493152-26-019571), compensation of directors sections. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001710274&type=1-K
[^12]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2021, 2024 and 2025, sections headed "U.S. Army Cooperative Research and Development Agreement"; Form 1-SA for the six months ended June 30, 2026 (accession 0001493152-26-043283) for the 2026 DeLonge loans and the 1-K for fiscal 2025 for the DeLonge Promissory Note.
[^13]: Form 1-K for fiscal 2018 Items 1 and 5 and the financial statement note on related parties; repeated in the fiscal 2019 report.
[^14]: Exhibit 6.28, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 19-15, to Form 1-A/A filed August 3, 2020 (accession 0001104659-20-089220). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000110465920089220/tm2023098d2_ex6-28.htm
[^15]: To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc., Form 1-SA, semiannual report for the period ended June 30, 2018, Item 2 (Other Information) and related-party transactions note, SEC accession 0001144204-18-050766, filed September 26, 2018. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420418050766/tv503167_1sa.htm
[^16]: Lewis-Kraus, Gideon. "How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously." *The New Yorker,* May 10, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/10/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously. The October 11, 2017 date and the Seattle venue are from a secondary summary, not yet checked against TTSA's own materials. Lewis-Kraus's account of the hotel meeting derives from Kean.
[^17]: Bender, Bryan. "The Pentagon's Secret Search for UFOs." *Politico Magazine,* December 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/2018id_/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/12/16/pentagon-ufo-search-harry-reid-216111
[^18]: Greenewald, John, Jr. The Black Vault, June 14, 2019. https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/pentagon-reinforces-mr-luis-elizondo-had-no-responsibilities-on-aatip-senator-harry-reids-2009-memo-changes-nothing
[^19]: SEC EDGAR company page, CIK 1710274 (Atom feed and full-text search, run October 3, 2026). https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1710274&type=1-A
[^20]: To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc. Offering Circular dated September 29, 2017, Form 253G2, file no. 024-10728. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420417050693/v476177_253g2.htm (read October 3, 2026; EDGAR submissions index https://data.sec.gov/submissions/CIK0001710274.json).
[^21]: The Galileo Project, October 30, 2021. https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/galileo/files/mellon-elizondo_announcement_final_2.pdf (Internet Archive copy).