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E. Roland Harriman

E. Roland Harriman, Averell Harriman's brother, chaired the Union Pacific from 1946 to 1969, led the American Red Cross from 1950 to 1973, and held 3,991 of the 4,000 Union Banking shares vested in 1942.

Also known as
Roland Harriman, Edward Roland Noel Harriman, Edward Roland Harriman, E. R. N. Harriman, Bunny Harriman
Dates
1895–1978
Location
New York, New York
Mentioned on
15 pages
Last edited

E. Roland Harriman (Edward Roland Noel Harriman, December 24, 1895 to February 16, 1978) was the younger son of the railroad financier E. H. Harriman and the brother of W. Averell Harriman. He was a member of Skull and Bones in the Yale University class of 1917, organized the banking house of Harriman Brothers & Co. with his brother, became a partner of Brown Brothers Harriman, and was the largest registered holder of Union Banking Corporation when the Alien Property Custodian vested the company in 1942. He was chairman of the board of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1946 to 1969 and, by appointment of the President of the United States, the principal officer of the American Red Cross from December 1, 1950 to March 31, 1973.1

Childhood and Yale

The Yale class history of 1917 gives his birth date as December 24, 1895, in New York City, and lists his schooling as the Bovee School, the Pine Lodge School in Lakewood, New Jersey, and Groton School. It records his father as E. H. Harriman, who died in 1909 at Arden, New York, and his mother as Mary Williamson (Averell) Harriman. The entry states that "There are two sons and three daughters in the family." Its list of Yale relatives names Averell Harriman of the class of 1913, described as a brother, and George Brown of the class of 1918. He rowed on the freshman and varsity crews, was a governor of the University Club, and served on the Triennial Committee. The entry reads "He is a member of Psi Upsilon and Skull and Bones." It states that he expected to enter the railroad business and gives Arden, New York, as his permanent address.1

Antony C. Sutton wrote that the elder Harriman "sent both his sons to Yale," and that "William Averell Harriman (113) and Edward Roland Noel Harriman (17) joined The Order."2 The membership list in the 2003 compilation Fleshing Out Skull & Bones, edited by Kris Millegan, places him among the senior society members of the class of 1917.3

Two early associations recur in the later record. John A. Kouwenhoven recorded that Roland Harriman and Robert A. Lovett met in 1903, when both were eight years old, and that the two boys became friends. He also recorded that in 1915 Harriman took a group of friends, among them Ellery Sedgwick James, on the family yacht to San Francisco.4 He married Gladys Fries of New York City in 1917, the year he graduated from Yale.5

His mother, Mary Williamson Averell Harriman, established the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor in October 1910, according to a report in the New York Times; the report states that she provided funds for the office and its annual running expenses, that her contributions over eight years exceeded 500,000 dollars, and that John D. Rockefeller and others gave additional assistance.6 The Cold Spring Harbor image archive on the American eugenics movement lists the 1910 donation by the widow of E. H. Harriman as 10,000 dollars and holds the letter from Charles Davenport to Mrs. E. H. Harriman, and the Carnegie Institution of Washington accepted the office from her as a gift.7 Land given to New York State by his mother after his father's death forms the greater part of Harriman State Park.5

W. A. Harriman & Co. and Harriman Brothers & Co.

The Time report of December 1930 stated that "In 1919 William Averell Harriman and his brother, Edward Roland Noel Harriman, formed W. A. Harriman & Co."8 Millegan wrote that Averell "hired his little brother Edward Roland 'Bunny' Harriman as a vice president" of the firm.9 Sutton's 1976 account gives a later date for the same firm: "In 1922 Roland and Averell formed W. A. Harriman & Company."10

Garry Wills wrote that the bank Harriman Brothers & Co. "was not founded until 1926," by which time the brothers were confident enough to place a classmate, Knight Woolley, in its presidency.11

The banking house Roland Harriman and his brother organized, Harriman Brothers & Co., preceded the 1930 merger with Brown Brothers.12 The firm's partner table gives October 30, 1926, as Roland Harriman's date of partnership, describes him as co-founder with his brother of W. A. Harriman & Co., and gives January 1, 1931, as his date in the merged firm, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., where he is listed as resident in New York.13

The merger was announced in December 1930. The Time report counted sixteen partners in the new firm, eleven of them Yale graduates, and named Ellery Sedgwick James as a classmate of Roland Harriman, Prescott Bush and Knight Woolley.8 James had talked with Roland Harriman about "working under one roof" even before the stock market crash of 1929, and the merger had probably been "in the cards" since 1903.14

Union Pacific

The Union Pacific's annual report for 1968 states that his service began in 1920, when he was elected a director of the company.15 The annual reports for 1926 to 1930 list E. Roland Harriman of Arden, New York, among the directors, with his brother W. A. Harriman and, as chairman of the board, Judge Robert Scott Lovett.16 Robert Lovett was elected a director in 1926, at a time when "Both Averell and Roland Harriman were directors of the road."17 The Library of Congress chronology for the papers of Averell Harriman gives his chairmanship of the board of the Union Pacific as 1932 to 1946.18

The company's report for 1968 states that Roland Harriman had been chairman of the board of directors of the railroad since 1946.15 On November 2, 1950, Harry S. Truman described him at a news conference as a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman "and chairman of the board of directors of the Union Pacific Railroad."19 The reports for 1951, 1955, 1959, 1960 and 1965 print his name at the head of the directors as chairman, with Robert A. Lovett as chairman of the executive committee in the report for 1955.20 He was primarily responsible, the 1968 report states, for the formation of the Union Pacific Railroad Foundation in 1955.15

On January 30, 1969, the company announced a new holding company, Union Pacific Corporation. Frank E. Barnett, chief executive officer of the railroad since January 1, 1967, was elected chairman of the board and chief executive; Harriman became honorary chairman, remaining a director, a member of the executive committee and chairman of the trustees of the Foundation.15 The reports of the holding company list him as honorary chairman and as a partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. through 1975.21 The report for 1978 records that he served as chairman from 1946 to 1969 and as honorary chairman until his death on February 16, 1978, and that his service spanned nearly sixty years.22

Sutton wrote in 1976 that "Still later Roland became chairman of the board of Union Pacific Railroad," and he also named Roland Harriman a director of Newsweek and of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, a member of the board of governors of the American Red Cross, and a member of the American Museum of Natural History.23

Union Banking Corporation

Sutton's 1976 table of the directors of the Union Banking Corporation for 1932 lists "E. Roland HARRIMAN" as "Vice president of W. A. Harriman & Co., New York," and states in the text that he was a director of the company. Sutton described the corporation as "a joint Thyssen-Harriman operation" and as controlled by the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart of Rotterdam, which he called a Thyssen front bank in Holland.24 Sutton called H. J. Kouwenhoven, listed in the same table, Roland Harriman's "fellow-director" at the company.25 His 1983 book lists eight directors for 1932 in its section "The Union Banking Connection."26

A Treasury Department memorandum from Mr. May to J. W. Pehle, dated August 18, 1941, with reference 9-151, reports that the investigation "produced no evidence as to the ownership of this Dutch bank." It records that the corporation was wholly owned by the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, that gold purchases of more than eight million dollars were made in 1931 to 1933, of which $3,085,000 was delivered to the Federal Reserve Bank on June 15, 1934, and that in the fall of 1938 the corporation held two million dollars in currency in a New York safe deposit box, later deposited in its account with Brown Brothers Harriman.27

On October 20, 1942, the Alien Property Custodian, Leo T. Crowley, signed Vesting Order Number 248 under the Trading with the Enemy Act. The order vested "all of the capital stock of Union Banking Corporation, a New York corporation," consisting of 4,000 shares of $100 par value common stock. It names the registered owners and their holdings: E. Roland Harriman, 3,991 shares; Cornelius Lievense, 4; Harold D. Pennington, 1; Ray Morris, 1; Prescott S. Bush, 1; H. J. Kouwenhoven, 1; and Johann G. Groeninger, 1. The order states that the shares were held for the benefit of the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, N.V., of Rotterdam, "which bank is owned or controlled by members of the Thyssen family, nationals of Germany and/or Hungary." The order was filed November 6, 1942, under F.R. Doc. 42-11568, and published in the Federal Register of November 7, 1942, at pages 9097 and 9098.28 Four of the seven registered holders are listed in the Brown Brothers Harriman partner table.13

The vesting order for Holland-American Trading Corporation, executed October 28, 1942, and published in the Federal Register of December 19, 1942, lists Roland Harriman as the registered holder of 491 of its 500 shares. Lievense holds 4, and Pennington, Ray Morris, Knight Woolley, H. J. Kouwenhoven and Groeninger one share each.29 The Guardian reported in 2004 that the incorporation documents of the Union Banking Corporation list George H. W. Bush's father, Prescott Bush, as one of seven directors.30

World War II

During World War II, Roland Harriman was manager of the North Atlantic Area of the American Red Cross, and the firm's partners devoted much of their time to war work. Prescott Bush became national campaign chairman of the combined wartime fund drives in 1942.31 After the war he became a member of the Red Cross board of governors, then its vice chairman, and in 1947 chaired the committee on reorganization of the society.19

Red Cross, 1950 to 1973

On November 2, 1950, Truman announced at a White House news conference that Harriman would succeed General George C. Marshall as president of the American Red Cross on December 1, 1950. Marshall had held the post since September 22, 1949, and had continued in it after his appointment as United States Secretary of Defense. Truman described Harriman as a brother of Averell Harriman, then Special Assistant to the President.19 The post was held by presidential appointment under the congressional charter of the society. Kouwenhoven wrote that Harriman was reappointed by Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.32

Truman addressed him as president of the society in letters of April 1951, on the 1951 fund campaign, and July 1951, on the flood disaster in Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma.33 On January 9, 1953, Harriman wrote to President-elect Eisenhower that, under the by-laws and by tradition, the President of the United States becomes honorary chairman of the Red Cross; Eisenhower accepted on January 24, 1953, in a letter addressed to Harriman as president.34 At the society's convention of June 24, 1953, Eisenhower told the audience that Harriman had come to his office to say that his term was up, and had been told, "As long as I am there, as far as I am concerned, he will be here."35

By August 1955 the title had changed. Eisenhower referred to a telegram from "E. Roland Harriman, Chairman of the Red Cross" during the hurricane and flood disaster in the northeastern states, and the following day to Harriman as the Chairman, who would make the allocations to the stricken areas.36 A Red Cross news release of early 1956, preserved in a Central Intelligence Agency file, announces an additional appeal of eight million dollars after "the worst disaster year in American history," relayed by Harriman as chairman after a meeting of the executive committee of the board of governors, on a report from Ellsworth Bunker as president.37 On November 29, 1956 Eisenhower released a telegram from Harriman as chairman supporting the emergency appeal for Hungarian relief, and at the national convention of May 20, 1957 the President's opening words addressed Harriman as chairman and General Alfred M. Gruenther as president.38

The society's annual report for the year ended June 30, 1959, lists Harriman as chairman and corporate officer, with Gruenther as president and General Lucius D. Clay among the vice chairmen. The members of the board of governors appointed by the President of the United States were Harriman, Loy W. Henderson, Deputy Under Secretary of State; Julian B. Baird, Under Secretary of the Treasury; Thomas S. Gates Jr., Deputy Secretary of Defense; Charles C. Finucane, Assistant Secretary of Defense; and Dr. Frank Brown Berry, Assistant Secretary of Defense. The elected members included a physicist from Los Alamos, New Mexico, and the Secretary of the Treasury was honorary treasurer. A copy of the report sits in a CIA file with a letter of February 19, 1960 from Allen W. Dulles to Gruenther.39

On May 13, 1971, Richard Nixon wrote to "Chairman, American National Red Cross" Harriman reappointing him as governor of the corporation for a term of three years from June 12, 1971, and designating him to act as the principal officer of the corporation with such title and functions as the by-laws prescribe. At the convention the following week Nixon noted that Harriman was about to serve his eighth term as chairman.40 On February 19, 1973, the White House announced that Frank Stanton would be appointed to succeed Harriman as principal officer and member of the board of governors, effective April 1, 1973; the announcement states that Harriman resigned effective March 31, 1973, and that he had held the two positions since December 1, 1950.41 The society's 1977 annual report lists Stanton as chairman of the Board of Governors and Jimmy Carter as honorary chairman.42

Council on Foreign Relations

A November 1951 table of corporations with officers who were members of the Council on Foreign Relations, held in a CIA Reading Room document, lists Brown Brothers Harriman with E. Roland Harriman, Ray Morris, Knight Woolley and Thomas McCance. The same document lists him among the individual contributors to the Council's 25th Anniversary Fund for 1946 to 1950, with the notation "over 5 years."43

Harness racing

Robert Creamer's Sports Illustrated profile of July 9, 1962, "Harriman of Goshen," describes him as chairman of the Union Pacific, an active partner of Brown Brothers Harriman, head of the American Red Cross for more than a decade, chairman of the Boys' Clubs of New York, and the owner of the Arden Homestead in the Ramapo hills.44 He began driving trotting horses as a boy and drove in the Saturday matinee races at Goshen, New York by the age of fifteen or sixteen. He recalled that his father bought the site of Good Time Park because he wanted land to straighten a curve in the Erie Railroad, and decided to keep the track; the Historic Track in the village he described as bought earlier.44 The history of Goshen published in 1960 states that E. H. Harriman leased the Historic Track in 1894, that the Orange County Driving Park Association, its owner, remained under controlling interest of the Harriman family, that Roland Harriman had been the mainstay of the track and of the sport for nearly forty years, and that in 1926 William H. Cane purchased the Good Time course from the Harriman brothers.45

According to Creamer, Harriman invited some twenty leading breeders and owners to dinner at his home in New York in the 1920s, after the publication of the breeding register and year book had lapsed in 1923, and told them that trotting was "going to hell in a hack." The group formed the Trotting Horse Club of America. Harriman went to Chicago and bought the Register and the Year Book, which he gave to the club. The Hambletonian Society, separate from the club but similar in membership, established the Hambletonian Stake.44 The Society's 1975 commemorative booklet reproduces a wire sent by Harriman to racing leaders around the country inviting them to a gathering of "committee of fifty best friends of trotting" at Indianapolis on November 11 to 13, "to discuss these matters for the good of our sport," and states that the current United States Trotting Association sprang from it.46 Creamer quotes him on the decade of effort to unify the three rival associations, and quotes the veteran trotting man Lawrence Sheppard that "Harriman was responsible for the formation of the Trotting Club, and he played a leading role in the establishment of the U.S. Trotting Association."44 A history of the sport published in 1970 records that the presidency of the association was offered to Harriman and that he declined.47

Harriman and his nephew, Major Elbridge T. Gerry, owned the colt Titan Hanover, driven by Harry Pownall, which won the Hambletonian Stake at Good Time Park on August 8, 1945, in a field of nineteen; the racing commission barred wagering on the colt.48 Creamer lists Star's Pride, owned jointly with Lawrence B. Sheppard, and Horican as other Harriman trotters, names his wife as the first woman to drive a harness horse a mile in better than two minutes, and gives Harriman and Gerry as partners in the Arden Homestead Stable and the Orange County Driving Park Association.44 The booklet of 1975 lists E. Roland Harriman as chairman of the board of the Hambletonian Society, and a history of the sport of 1970 lists him in the same office.49 He presented the Hambletonian trophy to the winning owner in the races the booklet reports, including the last Hambletonian held at Goshen, in 1956.50

Other offices

Creamer wrote that Harriman built the Bear Mountain Bridge, the first major bridge to span the Hudson River and the longest suspension bridge in the world when it opened in 1924, as a private venture under state charter that reverted to state control in 1940.44 A history of the Harriman trails records Roland Harriman as president of the bridge company, which opened the bridge on Thanksgiving Day 1924.51

E. H. Harriman founded the first of the Boys' Clubs in a basement on Tompkins Square in New York. After his death his sons continued to support and direct the clubs' work, and Roland Harriman was chairman of the board of the clubs in 1962 and, as Kouwenhoven wrote in 1968, was then chairman.52

Politics

Wills wrote that Roland Harriman balanced his brother's close ties to Franklin D. Roosevelt by donating heavily to the Republicans.53 In 1946 Prescott Bush asked his permission to seek a seat in the House of Representatives. Wills wrote that Roland Harriman said a House race was beneath a Brown Brothers Harriman partner and that it might be different for the Senate.53 Prescott Bush served as a United States senator from Connecticut from 1952 to 1962.54 Creamer quoted him on his brother: "He and I are on opposite sides of the fence politically, but it's never caused the slightest difficulty between us," adding, "Ave is my favorite Democrat."44

Philanthropy, memoir and death

The Gladys and Roland Harriman Foundation gave one million dollars to the Society of the New York Hospital to establish a professorship in geriatrics, an endowment that the hospital's annual report attributes to Mrs. E. Roland Harriman and "the late Mr. Harriman."55 His memoir, I Reminisce, was published by Doubleday in 1975 and runs to 280 pages.56

The Library of Congress finding aid for the papers of Averell Harriman gives Roland Harriman's dates as 1895 to 1978. It lists a family folder labeled "Harriman, E. Roland (brother) and Gladys, 1906-1972," a correspondence file labeled "Harriman, E. Roland, 1925-1934," and a folder of condolences "on his death, 1978."57 A finding aid for the Brown Brothers Harriman records at New York University indexes him under the same dates.58

Relationships 20

Relative of
Member of
Spouse of
  • Gladys C. C. Fries, from 1917, spouse5
Employed by
  • W. A. Harriman & Co., from 1920, Vice president, per Millegan and Sutton's 1932 directors table9
  • Brown Brothers Harriman, from 1931, partner (of W. A. Harriman & Co. from October 30, 1926); registered holder of 3,991 of 4,000 Union Banking Corporation shares in 19424
Partner of
Director of
  • Newsweek, Director, per Sutton (1976); no dates given23
  • Union Pacific Railroad, from 1920, Director from 1920; listed in the annual reports for 1926 to 193015
  • Union Banking Corporation, from 1932, Director in the 1932 table of Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler24
Head of
  • Union Pacific Railroad, 1946–1969, Chairman of the Board of Directors; honorary chairman from January 30, 1969 until his death15
  • American Red Cross, 1950–1973, President from December 1, 1950; styled chairman by 1955; principal officer under the presidential appointment until his resignation effective March 31, 197341
  • Boys' Clubs of New York, from 1962, Chairman of the board, per Creamer (1962) and Kouwenhoven (1968)52
  • Hambletonian Society, from 1970, Chairman of the board, per the Society's 1975 commemorative booklet49
Owned

Sources

  1. History of the Class of Nineteen Hundred and Seventeen, Yale College, vol. 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1917), entry for Edward Roland Noel Harriman, "Bunny," pp. 105 to 106 in the class history's biographical section. https://archive.org/details/historyofclassofOOmurr ↩
  2. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones (1983), section "The Harriman Family," and index of members by class year, class of 1917. https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones ↩
  3. Kris Millegan, ed., Fleshing Out Skull & Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society (Trine Day, 2003), membership list "Senior Society, Class of 1917." https://archive.org/details/fleshing_out_skull_and_bones ↩
  4. John A. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking: An Historical Portrait of a Great Private Bank, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 1818-1968 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968), pp. 16 to 17. https://archive.org/details/partnersinbankinganhistoricalportraitofagreatprivateb ↩
  5. Robert Creamer, "Harriman of Goshen," Sports Illustrated, July 9, 1962, pp. 32 to 37, passages on his marriage in 1917 and on Harriman State Park. https://archive.org/details/Sports-Illustrated-1962-07-09 ↩
  6. "Harriman philanthropy to have a board of scientific directors," The New York Times, as transcribed by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DNA Learning Center: the office "was established at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., in October, 1910, by Mrs. E. H. Harriman"; her contributions over an eight-year period "amounted to more than $500,000"; "additional assistance of John D. Rockefeller and others." https://dnalc.cshl.edu/view/10495-%2DHarriman-philanthropy-to-have-a-board-of-scientific-directors-The-New-York-Times.html ↩
  7. Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, theme "Eugenics Record Office (ERO)," including the 1910 donation of 10,000 dollars by the widow of E. H. Harriman, a Davenport letter to Mrs. E. H. Harriman, and "Transfer of ERO," Eugenical News vol. 3. https://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/static/themes/20.html ↩
  8. "Business: Brown-Harriman," Time, December 22, 1930. https://time.com/archive/6746405/business-brown-harriman/ ↩
  9. Millegan, Fleshing Out Skull & Bones (2003), p. 39, chapter on the business ties of the 1920s. ↩
  10. Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler (1976), pp. 106 to 107. ↩
  11. Garry Wills, "Father Knows Best," The New York Review of Books, November 5, 1992, account of the Harriman firms and Bush's partnership. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1992/11/05/father-knows-best/ ↩
  12. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), pp. 9 to 10, account of the 1930 merger. ↩
  13. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), partner table, pp. 231 to 235. ↩
  14. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), pp. 16 to 17, account of the 1930 merger and of James's talk with Harriman before the 1929 crash. ↩
  15. Union Pacific Railroad Company, Annual Report for 1968, "Chairman Harriman" and "Top Management Changes." https://archive.org/details/001-union-pacific-annual-reports ↩
  16. Union Pacific Railroad Company, annual reports for 1926 through 1930, lists of directors (December 31 of each year). https://archive.org/details/001-union-pacific-annual-reports ↩
  17. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), pp. 16 to 17, account of Robert A. Lovett's 1926 election as a Union Pacific director. ↩
  18. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, W. Averell Harriman Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress (revised 2016), biographical note, entries for 1932 to 1946. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003012 ↩
  19. Harry S. Truman, The President's News Conference, November 2, 1950, item 1, The American Presidency Project. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/the-presidents-news-conference-574 ↩
  20. Union Pacific Railroad Company, annual reports for 1951, 1955, 1959, 1960 and 1965, lists of directors and officers. https://archive.org/details/001-union-pacific-annual-reports ↩
  21. Union Pacific Corporation, annual reports for 1969, 1972, 1973, 1974 and 1975, lists of directors. https://archive.org/details/001-union-pacific-annual-reports ↩
  22. Union Pacific Corporation, Annual Report 1978, notice of the death of E. Roland Harriman. https://archive.org/details/001-union-pacific-annual-reports ↩
  23. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler (1976), pp. 106 to 107. ↩
  24. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler (1976), p. 103 (Table 7-1 and text on the 1932 directors and the joint Thyssen-Harriman operation). ↩
  25. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler (1976), p. 107. ↩
  26. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment (1983), section "The Union Banking Connection," with the table of the eight directors in 1932. ↩
  27. Treasury Department memorandum, Mr. May to Mr. J. W. Pehle, August 18, 1941, "Re: Union Banking Corporation," ref. 9-151, with handwritten notation by J. W. Pehle, declassified by NARA (authority NND 960103). Copy in an archive.org collection of Bush-related documents. https://archive.org/details/BushDocuments0008b-LetterJ.W.PebleToMay ↩
  28. Office of the Alien Property Custodian, Vesting Order Number 248, "All of the Capital Stock of Union Banking Corporation and Certain Indebtedness Owing by It," executed October 20, 1942, signed Leo T. Crowley, F.R. Doc. 42-11568, filed November 6, 1942, 7 Federal Register 9097 (November 7, 1942). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1942-11-07/pdf/FR-1942-11-07.pdf ↩
  29. Office of the Alien Property Custodian, Vesting Order Number 261, "All of the Capital Stock of Holland-American Trading Corporation," executed October 28, 1942 (F.R. Doc. 42-13532, filed December 18, 1942), Federal Register 7 (December 19, 1942), p. 10627, holder table of 500 shares. https://archive.org/details/sim_federal-register-find_1942-12-19_7_248 ↩
  30. Ben Aris and Duncan Campbell, "How Bush's grandfather helped Hitler's rise to power," The Guardian, September 25, 2004, quoting the incorporation documents. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/25/usa.secondworldwar ↩
  31. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), p. 203 (war work of the partners). ↩
  32. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), p. 203 (post-war public service of the partners; index entry "American Red Cross work of, 203"). ↩
  33. Harry S. Truman, Letter to the President of the Red Cross on the Progress of the Fund Campaign, April 5, 1951 (released April 6), and Letter to the President, American National Red Cross, on the Flood Disaster Areas in the Middle West, July 19, 1951, The American Presidency Project. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-the-president-the-red-cross-the-progress-the-fund-campaign and https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-the-president-american-national-red-cross-the-flood-disaster-areas-the-middle-west ↩
  34. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Letter to the President of the American National Red Cross Accepting the Position of Honorary Chairman, released January 29, 1953, dated January 24, 1953, The American Presidency Project. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-the-president-the-american-national-red-cross-accepting-the-position-honorary ↩
  35. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Remarks at the American Red Cross Convention, June 24, 1953, with the editors' note that "Mr. Harriman" was E. Roland Harriman, President of the American National Red Cross. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-american-red-cross-convention ↩
  36. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Remarks on the Hurricane-Flood Disaster in the Northeastern States, August 22, 1955, and Remarks Following a Meeting With the Governors of Flood-Stricken States at Bradley Field, Hartford, Connecticut, August 23, 1955. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-hurricane-flood-disaster-the-northeastern-states and https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-following-meeting-with-the-governors-flood-stricken-states-bradley-field-hartford ↩
  37. American National Red Cross News Service, "'Worst Disaster Year' Forces Raise in Red Cross Fund Quotas," 1956, CIA-RDP78-04718A002200010023-3. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp78-04718a002200010023-3 ↩
  38. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Statement in Support of Red Cross Disaster Appeal for Relief in Hungary, November 29, 1956, and Remarks at the Opening of the National Convention of the American Red Cross, May 20, 1957, with the editors' note identifying Harriman and Gruenther as Chairman and President. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-the-president-support-red-cross-disaster-appeal-for-relief-hungary-and-hungarian and https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-opening-the-national-convention-the-american-red-cross ↩
  39. The American National Red Cross Annual Report for the year ended June 30, 1959, lists of the Board of Governors and corporate officers, with letter from Allen W. Dulles of February 19, 1960, CIA-RDP80B01676R003600060072-0. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp80b01676r003600060072-0 ↩
  40. Richard Nixon, Letter Reappointing E. Roland Harriman as Chairman of the American National Red Cross (dated May 13, 1971, released May 15), and Remarks at the Annual Convention of the American National Red Cross, May 19, 1971, The American Presidency Project. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-reappointing-e-roland-harriman-chairman-the-american-national-red-cross and https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-annual-convention-the-american-national-red-cross ↩
  41. "Announcement of Appointment of Frank Stanton as Principal Officer and a Member of the Board of Governors of the Red Cross," February 19, 1973, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, vol. 9, no. 8 (February 26, 1973). https://archive.org/details/sim_weekly-compilation-of-presidential-documents_1973-02-26_9_8 ↩
  42. The American National Red Cross, 1977 Annual Report, list of the Board of Governors and officers. https://archive.org/details/americannational0000amer ↩
  43. Council on Foreign Relations, Receipts (1946-1951), Research Budget, with Contributions of Corporations, Individual Contributions to the 25th Anniversary Fund and Corporations with Officers who are members of the Council on Foreign Relations, November 1951, 8 pages, CIA-RDP80R01731R001100170005-1. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp80r01731r001100170005-1 ↩
  44. Robert Creamer, "Harriman of Goshen," Sports Illustrated, July 9, 1962, pp. 32 to 37. https://archive.org/details/Sports-Illustrated-1962-07-09 ↩
  45. Elizabeth Sharts, Land o' Goshen, Then and Now (Goshen, N.Y.: The Bookmill, 1960), chapter on the Historic Track. https://archive.org/details/landogoshenthenn00shar_0 ↩
  46. Fred Huff, The Hambletonian, 1926-1975 (Hayes Fair Acres, Inc., 1975), the Hambletonian Society's 50th anniversary booklet, text on the 1930s. https://archive.org/details/hambiltonian ↩
  47. Philip A. Pines, The Complete Book of Harness Racing (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1970), entry on the United States Trotting Association and its first presidency. https://archive.org/details/completebookofha00pine ↩
  48. Tom Gahagan, "Titan Hanover Wins the Hambletonian," reprinted in Huff, The Hambletonian, 1926-1975 (1975), with photographs of the owner and the cup. https://archive.org/details/hambiltonian ↩
  49. Huff, The Hambletonian, 1926-1975 (1975), list of officers; Pines, The Complete Book of Harness Racing (1970), list of Hambletonian Society officers. https://archive.org/details/hambiltonian ↩
  50. Huff, The Hambletonian, 1926-1975 (1975), photograph captions of the 1956 Hambletonian at Goshen and of the trophy presentation to Gibson White. https://archive.org/details/hambiltonian ↩
  51. William J. Myles, Harriman Trails: A Guide and History (New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, 2010 edition), passage on the Bear Mountain Bridge. https://archive.org/details/harrimantrailsgu0000myle_c5b2 ↩
  52. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), p. 139 (passage on the Boys' Clubs founded by E. H. Harriman; index entry "Boys' Clubs, 139"); Creamer, "Harriman of Goshen" (1962). ↩
  53. Wills, "Father Knows Best" (1992), account of Roland Harriman's political giving and of the 1946 House seat. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1992/11/05/father-knows-best/ ↩
  54. Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking (1968), p. 203 (passage on the partners' public service after 1945). ↩
  55. Annual Report, The Society of the New York Hospital, report year following Harriman's death, notice of the Irving Sherwood Wright Professorship in Geriatrics. https://archive.org/details/annualreportsoci1976newy ↩
  56. E. Roland Harriman, I Reminisce (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1975), 280 pages, Open Library record. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7090329W ↩
  57. Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, W. Averell Harriman Papers finding aid (2016), name index entry "Harriman, E. Roland (Edward Roland), 1895-1978," family series Box 2 ("Harriman, E. Roland (brother) and Gladys, 1906-1972"), general correspondence Box 28 ("Harriman, E. Roland, 1925-1934"), and Box 7 ("Harriman, E. Roland, condolences on his death, 1978"). https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003012 ↩
  58. New York University Special Collections, Guide to the Brown Brothers Harriman Records, 1696-1973, 1995, MS 78, name index entry "Harriman, E. Roland (Edward Roland), 1895-1978." ↩

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