--- aliases: - Phelps family - The Phelps family of America - Phelps family of Simsbury category: Business & Finance created: 2026-10-26 location: Dorchester, Massachusetts; New York City relations: - fn: 4 role: Phelps, Dodge & Co. organized by Anson Greene Phelps and William Earl Dodge after the dissolution of Phelps, Peck & Co., per the family genealogy; later incorporated in New York in 1885 start: 1828-01-01 type: founded with: '[[Phelps Dodge]]' - fn: 10 role: married Melissa Phelps, daughter of Anson Greene Phelps, on June 24, 1828 type: relative_of with: '[[William Earl Dodge]]' - fn: 11 role: Daniel James, partner of Phelps, Dodge & Co., married Elizabeth Woodbridge Phelps, daughter of Anson Greene Phelps type: relative_of with: '[[Daniel James]]' - fn: 14 role: married Caroline Phelps, daughter of Anson Greene Phelps type: relative_of with: '[[James Boulter Stokes]]' - fn: 20 role: eight partners of Phelps, Dodge & Co. sued Chester A. Arthur, collector of the port of New York, in December 1874 start: 1874-12-01 type: participant_in with: '[[Arthur v. Dodge]]' - fn: 36 role: William Walter Phelps, class of 1860, per the class list in Sutton's book compiled by Kris Millegan from the Yale Catalogue start: 1860-01-01 type: member_of with: '[[Skull and Bones]]' - fn: 24 role: William Walter Phelps pledged $250 a year for five years toward the Phelps barge races start: 1870-01-01 type: funded with: '[[Yale University]]' - fn: 28 role: William Walter Phelps among the six incorporators of the school, February 1871 start: 1871-02-01 type: participant_in with: '[[Sheffield Scientific School]]' - fn: 59 role: Fanny Phelps, daughter of Judge Charles Phelps of Townshend, Vermont, married Alphonso Taft on August 29, 1841 type: relative_of with: '[[Alphonso Taft]]' - fn: 16 role: trust created by the will of Caroline Phelps Stokes; first meeting of trustees April 28, 1910 start: 1910-04-28 type: founded with: '[[Phelps-Stokes Fund]]' - fn: 61 role: Charles Phelps Taft, class of 1918, per Sutton's class list start: 1918-01-01 type: member_of with: '[[Skull and Bones]]' - fn: 31 role: no. 7125 in the 1899 genealogy; son of Samuel S. Phelps of Vermont and a descendant of William Phelps of Windsor; Kent Professor of Law at Yale from 1881 type: relative_of with: '[[Edward John Phelps]]' - fn: 53 role: managers and officials of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company (Phelps Dodge) took part in the citizens' meeting that decided the deportation, per the President's Mediation Commission start: 1917-07-11 type: participant_in with: '[[Bisbee Deportation]]' - fn: 56 role: grandson of William Earl Dodge; member of the Princeton class of 1879 with Woodrow Wilson; treasurer of the Near East Relief committee from July 18, 1917 type: relative_of with: '[[Cleveland H. Dodge]]' - fn: 18 role: Anson Phelps Stokes Jr., Yale class of 1896, recorded as a member of Bones in the class history start: 1896-01-01 type: member_of with: '[[Skull and Bones]]' - fn: 18 role: Anson Phelps Stokes Jr., elected Secretary of Yale University in the spring of 1899 start: 1899-01-01 type: employed_by with: '[[Yale University]]' summary: Dorchester family whose Anson Greene Phelps built Phelps, Dodge & Co., and whose lines produced William Walter Phelps, Edward John Phelps, the Wolf's Head Phelps Association and Yale Secretary Anson Phelps Stokes. tags: - Family - Phelps - PhelpsDodge - PhelpsStokesFund - Dodge - Stokes - James - Metals - CustomsFraud - SkullAndBones - Yale - SheffieldScientificSchool - Congress - Diplomacy - WolfsHead - BisbeeDeportation - NearEastRelief - CopperQueen - WoodrowWilson - Dorchester - NewYork updated: 2026-10-26 --- The Phelps family of Dorchester, Massachusetts is listed by [Antony C. Sutton](/people/antony-c-sutton/) among the old-line families of [Skull and Bones](/organizations/skull-and-bones/), with a settlement date of 1630 in his chart.[^1] A two-volume family genealogy published in 1899 follows the descendants of the Dorchester settlers from New England to Connecticut and New York, where Anson Greene Phelps organized the metals house of Phelps Dodge and married his daughters into the Dodge, James and Stokes families.[^2] William Walter Phelps, the son of the Wall Street banker John Jay Phelps, sat in Congress, served as minister to Austria-Hungary and to Germany, and was a trustee of [Yale University](/organizations/yale-university/). A second line, descended from William Phelps of Windsor, Connecticut, produced the Vermont senator Samuel S. Phelps and his son Edward John Phelps, Kent Professor of Law at Yale and United States minister to Great Britain. The Yale senior society Wolf's Head was incorporated as the Phelps Trust Association, and its hall of 1884 to 1885 was built for the Phelps Association. A Dodge, Cleveland H. Dodge, was Woodrow Wilson's classmate and the treasurer of the Armenian relief committee that became Near East Relief, and a Stokes, Anson Phelps Stokes Jr., was Secretary of Yale from 1899 to 1921 and a member of Skull and Bones. ### Settlement and the Simsbury branch The 1897 genealogy of one branch of the family, whose title names William and George Phelps as the founders of the family in America in 1630, states that the first Phelps arrivals landed at Dorchester that year on the ship Mary and John.[^3] Sutton's chart gives the same settlement date and place.[^1] The introduction to that 1897 genealogy names three brothers, William, George and Richard Phelps, as the family's arrivals of 1630.[^3] The fuller record is the 1899 genealogy, compiled by Oliver Seymour Phelps and Andrew T. Servin and published at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, which gives the English ancestry and the American descendants of the Phelps settlers in two volumes.[^2] The branch that matters for the New York firms descends from settlers at Simsbury, Connecticut. Anson Greene Phelps was born there on March 24, 1781. His mother died when he was twelve, and according to the genealogy he was then brought up in the house of the minister of Simsbury. In 1799 he chose his brother Thomas Woodbridge Phelps as his guardian. He settled at Hartford, where his first successful undertaking was a saddle business that shipped to the South, and he built a brick block on North Main Street known as the Phelps Block.[^4] After leaving Simsbury, William and Thomas Phelps and their cousin Job Phelps settled in the West.[^4] ### Anson Greene Phelps and the metals house In 1812 Anson Greene Phelps moved to New York City and went into business with Elisha Peck as Phelps, Peck & Co., dealing in metals, iron and brass.[^4] The genealogy dates the dissolution of that firm to about 1828. Phelps then organized the house of Phelps, Dodge & Co., composed of himself, his son-in-law William Earl Dodge and others of his relations.[^4] The genealogy lists his support of the American Bible Society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the American Home Missionary Society, the Colonization Society and the Blind Asylum of New York, of several of which he was at one time president.[^4] He died in New York in November 1853, in his seventy-third year.[^4] The dates given for the firm's beginning differ. The genealogy's date of about 1828 for the organization of the firm stands beside other dates. Robert Glass Cleland's history of the company, published in 1952, runs from 1834 to 1950 in its title.[^5] The Copper Manual of 1897 states that Anson G. Phelps, with Israel Coe and John Hungerford, built a brass mill at Wolcottville (now Torrington), Connecticut, in 1834, and that the firm of Phelps, Dodge & Company, which he founded, had operated a copper-rolling mill at Birmingham, Connecticut, before 1844, when Phelps bought the lands on which he founded Ansonia.[^6] Anson Phelps Stokes wrote in his family records that the firm made an assignment in the financial panic of 1837, that his father James Stokes had endorsed largely for it and received the assignment together with a brother-in-law of Dodge, and that the debts were soon paid and the firm "renewed business as before."[^7] The partnership was renewed at intervals thereafter. On December 31, 1878, the partnership of William E. Dodge, Daniel James, James Stokes, William E. Dodge Jr., D. Willis James, Anson Phelps Stokes, Charles C. Dodge, Thomas Stokes and Arthur James of England expired by limitation, and a new partnership under the same name was formed of William E. Dodge Jr., D. Willis James, Joseph Van Vleck and James McLean.[^8] The firm was later incorporated. The annual report of Phelps Dodge on Form 10-K for fiscal 2006 states that the company was incorporated as a business corporation under the laws of the State of New York in 1885.[^9] ### Intermarriage with the Dodge, James and Stokes houses Anson Greene Phelps's children married into the partner families of his firm. Melissa Phelps, born at Hartford in 1809, married William Earl Dodge in New York on June 24, 1828. Dodge was the junior partner, and after Anson Greene Phelps died in 1853 he became the head and manager of the house. He sat in the Thirty-ninth Congress for the eighth district of New York and was president of the Chamber of Commerce in New York City.[^10] Their sons included William Earl Dodge Jr., Anson Greene Phelps Dodge, David Stuart Dodge and Charles Cleveland Dodge.[^10] Elizabeth Woodbridge Phelps, born in New York in 1807, married Daniel James, born in Vermont in 1811, who became a merchant at Liverpool. She died at Liverpool in 1847 and he died there in November 1876. Their children included D. Willis James, who married Ellen S. Curtis, and Olivia P. James, who married Robert Hoe.[^11] Dodge told the House Committee on Ways and Means that his partner Daniel James, the resident partner at Liverpool, had married a daughter of Mr. Phelps and had later joined the firm.[^12] The Dodge line married back into the Phelps family in the next generation. Ella Ada Phelps, born in New York on March 28, 1838, married Rev. David Stuart Dodge on June 20, 1860. Their daughter Ellen Ada Phelps Dodge married Anson Greene Phelps Dodge Jr. at London on June 5, 1880.[^13] ### James Boulter Stokes and the Stokes line Caroline Phelps, born at Hartford on November 30, 1812, married James Boulter Stokes, born in New York on January 31, 1804, the son of Thomas Stokes of London and his wife Elizabeth Ann Boulter. Stokes was a partner in Phelps, Dodge & Co. in New York, in Phelps, James & Co. at Liverpool and in the banking house of Phelps, Stokes & Co. at 45 Wall Street. The genealogy also names him the first president of the Ansonia companies.[^14] Their son Anson Phelps Stokes was born in New York on February 22, 1838, and married Helen Louisa Phelps on October 17, 1865.[^14] The genealogy lists Helen Louisa, born August 20, 1846, among the children of Isaac Newton Phelps, who had opened the banking office at 45 Wall Street with John Jay Phelps and who continued the business after his partner retired in 1858.[^15] The Stokes daughter Caroline Phelps Stokes, born at New York on December 4, 1854, founded the Phelps-Stokes Fund by her will.[^16] Anson Phelps Stokes, in his family records, states that in January 1861 he became a partner in Phelps, Dodge & Co. and in Phelps, James & Co.; that in 1855, at the age of seventeen and a half, he had gone to the firm's office; and that his father and his uncles William E. Dodge and Daniel James were then partners, with his cousins William E. Dodge Jr. and D. Willis James.[^7] Of the banker Isaac Newton Phelps he writes that from 1834 to 1848 he was a partner in the hardware house of Sheldon, Phelps & Co., and afterward, with John J. Phelps, "a distant cousin (father of Hon. William Walter Phelps)," established the firm of I. N. and J. J. Phelps, bankers, at 45 Wall Street, which became Phelps, Stokes & Co.[^17] The son of this Anson Phelps Stokes and Helen Louisa Phelps, born at New Brighton, Staten Island, on April 13, 1874, graduated from Yale in 1896 and is treated below as Secretary of Yale.[^18] ### The customs controversy The partners of Phelps, Dodge & Co. were involved in the most public episode of the firm's New York business. Dodge told the Ways and Means committee that his partner Daniel James, at Liverpool, found in a newspaper dispatch of December 1872 a report that the United States had seized the firm's books and papers for alleged frauds on the revenue amounting to $1,750,000.[^12] The proceedings of the Forty-third Congress, first session, on the customs laws and the firm were printed in 1875 as an abstract titled Congress and Phelps, Dodge & Co., which covers the customs "moieties" provisions. Its index lists testimony by George S. Boutwell, James B. Beck, W. E. Dodge and Daniel James, and it also lists an examination of a Mr. Jayne by Beck and a clerk of the firm described in the index as dishonest.[^19] In December 1874 eight partners of the firm sued Chester A. Arthur, the collector of the port of New York, in the Superior Court of the City of New York. The plaintiffs were William E. Dodge, Daniel James, James Stokes, William E. Dodge Jr., D. Willis James, Anson P. Stokes, Charles C. Dodge and Thomas Stokes, as Phelps, Dodge & Co. The protest on file reads in part, "We do hereby protest against the payment of 15 per cent." The suit sought to recover duties at 15 percent ad valorem paid under protest on merchandise imported in 1874.[^20] The record of the case was filed in the Supreme Court of the United States on October 2, 1877, as No. 206 under the caption Arthur v. Dodge.[^20] Anson Phelps Stokes's family records list under 1874 the publication of the "moiety report" by the Chamber of Commerce on February 2 and its printing by order of Congress on May 2.[^21] The genealogy states that William Walter Phelps resigned his Austrian post, and that "On President Arthur's succession he resigned this office."[^22] ### William Walter Phelps: Yale, Sheffield and the bar William Walter Phelps was born in New York City on August 24, 1839, the elder and only surviving son of John Jay Phelps and Rachel B. Phinney Phelps.[^23] He entered Yale College in 1855, left in March 1857 because of his health, and in the autumn of 1858 joined the class of 1860.[^23] He married Ellen Sheffield, daughter of Joseph E. Sheffield, on the evening of Commencement Day, July 26, 1860, and sailed for Europe.[^23] The genealogy gives the wedding as January 26, 1860, and also says it took place on the day of his graduation.[^22] Phelps graduated from the Columbia Law School in May 1863. His father's death in May 1869 obliged him to give up general practice in order to manage the family estates and private trusts, and he moved to Englewood, New Jersey.[^23] He was counsel to several large corporations. In 1872 he was elected to the Forty-third Congress as a Republican from New Jersey.[^23] Phelps's gifts to Yale began before he entered public life. Lyman Bagg recorded in 1871 that in 1870 William Walter Phelps of the class of 1860 pledged $250 a year for five years toward two summer races, one in six-oared barges in the harbor and one in six-oared shells on Lake Saltonstall. A barge race for a Phelps flag was rowed on June 7, 1871. Bagg credited the arrangement to his classmate Charles H. Owen.[^24] The same history records a fund of $50,000 given by a William Phelps, the income of which the college was to spend under the direction of his son William W. Phelps of the class of 1860 during the son's lifetime.[^24] The Yale obituary record describes Phelps as the trustee of a large bequest from his father, and it states that his gifts and that bequest made him a helpful friend of the University Library.[^23] Bagg names the donor of the $50,000 as William Phelps, while the obituary names the father as John Jay Phelps.[^24][^23] The Yale treasurer's lists of gifts, reprinted in the 1899 volume on Yale's campus, record "the income of the Phelps legacy" for the University Library from William Walter Phelps, and separately "the income of legacy of John J. Phelps" for the same purpose.[^25] A history of American universities published in 1898 states that in 1874 Phelps "assigned to the Library the income of a bequest from his father," amounting to $3500 a year and continued for twenty years.[^26] ### Congress Phelps sat in the Forty-third Congress, the body whose customs proceedings the 1875 abstract reproduces.[^23][^19] The genealogy describes him as a debater who took positions against the salary increase, the banking bill and the franking privilege, and who denounced the civil rights bill as improper and unconstitutional.[^22] It also states that he sat on the special committee to inquire into the White League, the Ku Klux Klan and other societies, and that the city of New Orleans gave him a public dinner in recognition of its work.[^22] He declined an offer of the post of assistant secretary of the treasury from President Grant.[^22] Phelps was the Republican nominee again in 1874 and lost by seven votes.[^23] He was re-elected in 1882, 1884 and 1886 and served several terms after that. The genealogy adds that he acted as a regent of the Smithsonian Institution.[^22][^23] ### Diplomatic posts President Garfield appointed Phelps minister to Austria on May 5, 1881, and his credentials were presented on June 20, 1881. The mission was superseded on June 30, 1882.[^27] The Yale obituary states that he resigned in the summer of 1882.[^23] In 1889 President Harrison appointed him to the Samoan commission. The genealogy states that his management of the treaty negotiations with the English and German commissioners won him high honors.[^22] Harrison then appointed him minister to Germany on June 20, 1889, and his credentials were presented on September 26, 1889.[^27] He presented his recall on June 4, 1893.[^27] The Yale obituary says that after his return he accepted appointment as a lay judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals of New Jersey.[^23] While in Germany, according to the genealogy, Phelps caused a monument to be erected to John Phelps, one of the clerks of the court that tried Charles I, who with other regicides took refuge at Vevey in Switzerland.[^22] Phelps died of consumption at his home near Englewood on June 17, 1894, in his fifty-fifth year. The Yale obituary states that he was survived by his wife, two sons who were Yale graduates of the classes of 1883 and 1886, and a daughter.[^23] ### Yale and the Sheffield Scientific School The Yale obituary record states that Phelps was included in the original election of alumni trustees in 1872 and held the office until he declined renomination in 1892. The Corporation conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws on him in June 1890, after Rutgers had given him the same degree in October 1889. He had made liberal gifts to the Sheffield Scientific School, the medical and law schools and other university interests.[^23] The Sheffield Scientific School was incorporated in February 1871 by Professors Brush, Gilman and Trowbridge and by John S. Beach, William Walter Phelps and Charles J. Sheffield. The board of nine included the governor of Connecticut and the president of Yale.[^28] [Daniel Coit Gilman](/people/daniel-coit-gilman/) is among the six incorporators.[^28] Sutton gives Beach the class of 1839, Gilman the class of 1852 and Phelps the class of 1860.[^29] ### Edward John Phelps Edward John Phelps was born at Middlebury, Vermont, in 1822, the son of Samuel Shether Phelps, who graduated from Yale in 1811, sat on the Supreme Court of Vermont from 1831 to 1838 and in the United States Senate from 1839 to 1851 and again from January 1853 to the close of that session, and died at Middlebury on March 25, 1855.[^30] The 1899 genealogy enters him as no. 7125, with a birth date of July 11, 1822, which an erratum corrects from the 6 April printed in the first volume.[^31] The memoir prefixed to his collected addresses states that the family descended from William Phelps, who emigrated in 1630 and founded Windsor, Connecticut; that he entered Middlebury College at fourteen and graduated in 1840, so that Yale conferred no first degree on him; that he attended a course of lectures at the New Haven law school; and that he studied law with Horatio Seymour and was admitted to the bar in 1843.[^32] He delivered the address on Chief Justice Marshall before the American Bar Association at Saratoga on August 21, 1879.[^32] When President Grover Cleveland named him to London in 1885, the retiring minister, James Russell Lowell, was quoted as saying that "none but a distinguished and agreeable" man "could have chosen to be President of the American Bar Association."[^33] The Office of the Historian records his appointment as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom on March 23, 1885, the presentation of credentials on May 19, 1885, and his departure on January 31, 1889.[^34] The 1899 genealogy says that on his return he settled at New Haven and lectured on international law at Yale.[^31] At Yale he was made Kent Professor of Law in 1881, and the memoir gives the chair as his until his death at New Haven on March 9, 1900.[^35] A professorship of commercial law and contracts bearing his name was founded in the law department in 1887 by an anonymous donor, with an endowment of $25,000 recorded in the treasurer's list, and was assigned in 1888 to William K. Townsend.[^35] Under appointment by President Benjamin Harrison in 1893 he served as senior counsel for the United States before the Bering Sea tribunal at Paris, and the memoir quotes the tribunal's president as telling him that the argument blended "the deep science of the lawyer with literary refinement and diplomatic dignity."[^32] The 1899 genealogy enters William Walter Phelps (no. 6131) and Edward John Phelps (no. 7125) in the same work, whose 1897 predecessor names William and George Phelps as the founders of the family in America in 1630.[^3][^31] ### The Order's Phelps members Sutton's class list, which the book attributes to the Yale Catalogue as compiled by Kris Millegan, places members of the Order by year of graduation. The Phelps names in that list are as follows, each stated as the list gives it.[^36] - 1860: William Walter Phelps. - 1862: Henry Phelps Johnston and John Phelps Taylor. - 1868: Anson Phelps Tinker. - 1882: William Phelps Eno. - 1886: Edward Johnson Phelps and Sheffield Phelps. - 1895: Zira Bennett Phelps. - 1896: Anson Phelps Stokes. - 1909: Harold Phelps Stokes. - 1916: Putnam, Phelps. - 1918: Charles Phelps Taft. - 1927: Anson Phelps Stokes Jr. The 1886 entries can be set against other records. The Yale obituary states that the two sons of William Walter Phelps graduated in 1883 and 1886, and the genealogy names his sons John Jay Phelps and Sheffield Phelps.[^23][^37] A directory of fraternities published in 1899 names Sheffield Phelps among the graduates of Yale who were members of Skull and Bones.[^38] Sutton's list places Sheffield Phelps in the class of 1886. The list gives Edward Johnson Phelps in the same class; the Edward John Phelps of the genealogy (no. 7125) is the Vermont-born lawyer and diplomat whose children are Charles P. Phelps of Detroit and Mary, Mrs. Loomis.[^31] The 1896 Anson Phelps Stokes is Anson Phelps Stokes Jr., the Yale secretary, whose class history records "D. K. E. Bones."[^39][^18] The 1909 Harold Phelps Stokes corresponds to the younger brother whom that class history places in the class of 1909, and the 1927 Anson Phelps Stokes Jr. to the son recorded there as Anson Phelps Stokes 3d, born at New Haven on January 11, 1905.[^18] The Dodge names in the list are Francis Talmage Dodge (1904), Philip Lyndon Dodge (1907) and Washington Dodge (1929), and Sutton's text places Philip Lyndon Dodge among the members of the Order at 120 Broadway.[^40] Sutton also wrote that the membership lists are heavily laced with Dodge, Whitney, Phelps, Perkins, Norton and Putnam names used as middle names.[^41] Sutton's class list and chart place William Walter Phelps in the Order in the class of 1860, and the 1899 fraternity directory names him among the Yale graduates who were members of Skull and Bones.[^36][^38] ### The Russell Trust, Wolf's Head and the Phelps Association The Order was incorporated as the Russell Trust Association by a Connecticut act of 1856. The act names [William Huntington Russell](/people/william-huntington-russell/), John S. Beach, Henry B. Harrison, Daniel Coit Gilman, Henry T. Blake and Henry D. White as the body corporate. It capped the association's real and personal estate at fifteen thousand dollars and fixed its first meeting at New Haven for the last Wednesday of July 1856.[^42] Sutton's book dates the incorporation to 1856 under the name The Russell Trust.[^43] In a 1984 newsletter Sutton identified the three senior societies at Yale as Skull and Bones (Russell Trust), Scroll and Key (Kingsley Trust) and Wolf's Head, which he gave as the Phelps Trust.[^44] Printed sources of the 1890s give the same names. Rupert Hughes, writing on the secret societies at Yale in Munsey's Magazine for June 1894, stated that Bones was incorporated as the Russell Trust Association, Keys as the Kingsley Trust Association and Wolf's Head as the Phelps Trust Association, each with a graduate organization that was "quite an expensive luxury."[^45] A. C. Stevens's Cyclopaedia of Fraternities (1899) states that Wolf's Head "was founded at Yale by a number of members of the class of '84," and that it "is incorporated as the Phelps Trust Association."[^38] Charles Pierson's history of Yale College lists the incorporated bodies of the senior societies with their dates, among them the Kingsley Trust Association (Scroll and Key), 1860, and the Phelps Trust Association (Wolf's Head), 1886.[^46] John Williams Andrews's history of the society, The Founding of Wolf's Head, issued by the Phelps Association in 1934 and reprinted in Kris Millegan's 2003 compilation, places the founding in June 1883, "entirely unknown to the College or the world-at-large," and says that the society "was to be called later Wolf's Head and 'The Phelps Association.'"[^47] Welch and Camp's volume on Yale of 1899 dates the three societies to 1832, 1842 and 1883.[^48] The society's hall on Prospect Street, in Richardsonian Romanesque, was designed by McKim, Mead & White in 1884 to 1885 for the Phelps Association; Yale's building history gives the property as later purchased by the University, and a later Wolf's Head building on York Street was designed by Bertram Goodhue in 1924.[^49] Yale's own records carry the Phelps name in other places in the same years. The treasurer's lists reprinted in 1899 record a bequest of $50,000 from William Walter Phelps for the erection of Phelps Hall, with $20,000 more from his family, and the chronology of the university records the erection of the Phelps Memorial Gateway in 1895. The Classical Club of the university had its headquarters in the principal room of Phelps Hall.[^25] The Phelps barge races and the Phelps flag of 1871 are recorded by Bagg.[^24] The same 1984 newsletter quotes the catalog of the Elihu society, founded in 1903, for the entry "Anson Phelps Stokes" as a Skull and Bones member and an honorary member of Elihu since its founding.[^44] The Yale class history of 1896 records Anson Phelps Stokes Jr., Secretary of the University, as a member of Bones.[^18] ### The Phelps-Stokes Fund Caroline Phelps Stokes left her residuary estate in trust under the seventeenth clause of her will. The trust was to be known as the Phelps-Stokes Fund, and its income was to be used for tenement dwellings for poor families in New York City and for education, in Africa and the United States, of Black students, North American Indians and needy white students.[^50] The trustees named in the will were the Protestant Episcopal bishop of New York, the chancellor of the University of the City of New York, the Reverend Lyman Abbott, Olivia Egleston Phelps Stokes, I. Newton Phelps Stokes, Helen Olivia Phelps Stokes, Francis Louis Slade, Mabel Slade, Caroline M. Phelps Stokes, Grace H. Dodge and Arthur Curtiss James.[^50] The trustees first met on April 28, 1910, at the New York residence of Anson Phelps Stokes, the meeting having been called by him and by Olivia E. P. Stokes. Bishop Greer was elected temporary chairman and Francis Louis Slade temporary secretary.[^50] The report's list of trustees for 1910 to 1920 includes Henry Sloane Coffin, printed there as Henry Sloan Coffin and listed from 1916, along with Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Charles Sumner Burch, John Sherman Hoyt and Edward W. Sheldon.[^50] The report's biographical sketch of Caroline Phelps Stokes records that she gave Ansonia, Connecticut, a public library in memory of her grandfather, Anson G. Phelps, founder of the town, and of her parents.[^50] The trustees were authorized on the fund's incorporation under the laws of New York in 1911 to use its means for "research" and "publication." In November 1919 they voted to support a study of education in Africa, undertaken after the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society proposed a commission and the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America asked that Thomas Jesse Jones, whom the report calls the educational director of the fund, serve as its chairman.[^51] The commission included Jones and James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey of the Gold Coast, and its report, Education in Africa (1922), covered West, South and Equatorial Africa. The report states that the fund's most important work to that date had been the two-volume federal study Negro Education, prepared under Jones's direction and published by the Bureau of Education in 1917.[^51] ### The Copper Queen and the Bisbee deportation The Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company at Bisbee, Arizona, Arizona Territory, is described in the Copper Manual of 1897 as in operation since 1880, as "operated and controlled by the eminent and well-known firm of Phelps, Dodge & Co.," as the leading copper producer of the Territory, and as headed by J. Douglas as president, with a 1896 product of 23,298,150 pounds of fine copper.[^52] A strike was called in the Warren district, which contains the Copper Queen and the Calumet and Arizona mines, on June 26, 1917. On July 12 the sheriff of Cochise County, Harry Wheeler, and a body of about two thousand armed men acting as his deputies rounded up 1,186 men in the district, put them aboard a train and carried them to Columbus, New Mexico, where the authorities refused to receive them. They were taken on to Hermanas, left there for two days without adequate food, water or shelter, and on July 14 escorted by troops to Columbus.[^53] The President's Mediation Commission, named by President Wilson, reported on the deportation in a text reproduced in the Mining Congress Journal for December 1917. Its seventh finding reads that the deportation "was formally decided upon at a meeting of citizens on the night of July 11, participated in by the managers and other officials of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company (Phelps-Dodge Corporation, Copper Queen Division), and the Calumet and Arizona Mining Company," and that those who planned it "purposely abstained from consulting" the United States attorney in Arizona, the law officers of the state or county, or their own legal advisers. The eighth finding states that the leaders used the local offices of the Bell Telephone Company and exercised or attempted to exercise a censorship over parts of the interstate telephone and telegraph lines. The eleventh finding reads: "The deportation was wholly illegal and without authority in law either State or Federal."[^53] Histories of the event name Walter Douglas, the son of James Douglas. James Byrkit's study of the Arizona labor war carries his portrait among those of the principals, and Truett writes that Phelps Dodge president Walter Douglas, with company detectives, joined Wheeler, who deputized the force.[^54] The same December 1917 issue of the Mining Congress Journal prints the list of presidents of the American Mining Congress, in which Walter Douglas appears for the years 1917 to 1918.[^53] Twenty-five participants were indicted in federal court for conspiring, under section 19 of the Criminal Code, to injure and intimidate 221 named persons in their right to reside in Arizona and to be free from deportation. A judgment quashing the indictment was affirmed by the Supreme Court on December 13, 1920, in United States v. Wheeler, with Chief Justice White writing that the right asserted was secured against state action only and not against private persons; Justice Clarke dissented. Charles Evans Hughes appeared for the defendants.[^55] ### Cleveland H. Dodge Cleveland Hoadley Dodge, grandson of William Earl Dodge and an heir to an interest in Phelps Dodge, was a member of the [Princeton University](/organizations/princeton-university/) class of 1879 with Wilson. Robert L. Daniel's study of the friendship states that as an alumni trustee of Princeton he joined other trustees in 1896 in raising a private fund to supplement Wilson's salary, and that in 1902 Dodge and two other members of the class of 1879 notified Wilson of his election as the university's first lay president.[^56] Grabill's study of missionary influence on American policy calls him vice-president of the Phelps Dodge Corporation.[^57] Daniel states that because Phelps Dodge owned mining properties in northern Mexico, Dodge was well informed on conditions there and that Wilson relied on him for advice during the first months of the administration. Dodge forwarded reports from Judge Haff, an attorney for the Southern Pacific Railroad and spokesman for Phelps Dodge, and Daniel writes that "largely on Dodge's recommendation" Wilson in May 1913 agreed to recognize the regime of Victoriano Huerta on condition of free elections, then turned with Dodge to Venustiano Carranza within a month. In 1913 Phelps Dodge officials were accused of making two shipments of ammunition to Mexico in violation of the arms embargo, and both charges were dropped when the United States attorney could not prove that any ammunition crossed the border. Daniel adds that a subsidiary of Phelps Dodge later sold a million rounds to the Carranza government after the State Department lifted the embargo, and that in the 1916 campaign pamphleteers and the Illinois congressman William A. Rodenberg named Dodge as the architect of Wilson's Mexican policy.[^56] In September 1915 the Armenian relief committee was organized in Dodge's board room. James L. Barton's history of Near East Relief states that Barton wrote to Dodge on September 14, 1915 proposing a conference in Dodge's office, that Dodge was a member of the executive committee from the first and treasurer from July 18, 1917 to his death on June 24, 1926, and that he was "the personal friend of President Woodrow Wilson" and chairman of the board of trustees of Robert College.[^58] Daniel writes that Dodge served as treasurer of the organization and as the link between the committee and the Wilson administration, and that through Dodge the committee obtained access to State Department files and a presidential proclamation.[^56] The act of Congress of August 6, 1919 incorporating Near East Relief names as its first trustees James L. Barton, Cleveland H. Dodge, Henry Morgenthau, Charles R. Crane, [William Howard Taft](/people/william-howard-taft/), Hughes, Elihu Root, Cleveland E. Dodge, Arthur Curtiss James and others.[^58] Barton lists Edward S. Harkness, James and Cleveland H. Dodge at the head of the generous supporters, and names Thomas Jesse Jones of the Phelps-Stokes Fund among those who counseled the field staff of the Near East survey.[^58] ### Anson Phelps Stokes, Secretary of Yale Anson Phelps Stokes Jr. was born on April 13, 1874, and graduated from Yale in 1896. The class history of 1896 records that he was Class Deacon, chairman of the Yale News, winner of the DeForest Prize Medal, a member of Phi Beta Kappa, of Delta Kappa Epsilon and of Bones, and that he spent a year traveling around the world, took a divinity degree at the Episcopal Theological Seminary at Cambridge in 1900, was ordained deacon by Bishop Potter, and was elected Secretary of Yale University in the spring of 1899, entering on the duties on completing his divinity course.[^18] The same record states that he declined the presidency of Trinity College and the headmastership of St. Paul's School, was a founder of the Yale Foreign Missionary Society, and sat on the boards of the New Haven Y.M.C.A., the New Haven Hospital, the Wellesley College trustees and others; that the Hillhouse property was bought by a committee of Gifford Pinchot, Lewis S. Welch and himself; and that he married Carol Green Mitchell at Bernardsville, New Jersey, on December 30, 1903.[^18] Sutton lists him as Secretary of Yale from 1899 to 1921.[^39] Woodbridge Hall at Yale was given by his aunts Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes, who also gave a chapel to Berea College in 1907 and St. Paul's Chapel to Columbia University.[^17] In the Phelps-Stokes Fund's African education report of 1922 the introduction is signed by Dr. Anson Phelps Stokes.[^51] ### The Vermont line and the Tafts [Alphonso Taft](/people/alphonso-taft/) married Fanny Phelps on August 29, 1841. She was the daughter of Judge Charles Phelps of Townshend, Vermont, and she died on June 2, 1852.[^59] Their sons included Peter Rawson Taft, of the class of 1867, and Charles Phelps Taft, of the class of 1864.[^36][^60] Sutton's class list gives Charles Phelps Taft of the class of 1918 as a member of the Order.[^61] The Yale obituary records for William Howard Taft and for Charles Phelps Taft name a Charles Phelps Taft, 2d, of the class of 1918, as a son of William Howard Taft and as a nephew of the elder Charles Phelps Taft.[^60] ### Phelps Dodge in later corporate lists The proxy statement of [J. P. Morgan & Co.](/organizations/j-p-morgan-co/) for its annual meeting of April 12, 2000 lists Phelps Dodge among the organizations whose officers sat on the board of directors of J.P. Morgan and Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York and with which J.P. Morgan had transactions in the ordinary course.[^62] [^1]: Antony C. Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones* (1983), chart "Hypothesis Number One" on p. 19 and the old-line family list, "PHELPS FAMILY (1630, Dorchester, Mass.)". https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^2]: Oliver Seymour Phelps and Andrew T. Servin, *The Phelps Family of America and Their English Ancestors*, 2 vols. (Pittsfield, Mass.: Eagle Publishing Company, 1899), vol. 1 and vol. 2, English ancestry and American descendants. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^3]: *Genealogy and a Short Historical Narrative of One Branch of the Family of George Phelps since the Founding of the Family in America by William and George Phelps in 1630* (1897), account of the landing at Dorchester on the ship Mary and John. https://archive.org/details/genealogyandshor1897phel [^4]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Anson Greene Phelps (no. 819), including the Simsbury guardianship, the Hartford saddle business, the Phelps Block, Phelps, Peck & Co. (1812), the dissolution about 1828, the organization of Phelps, Dodge & Co., and his death in November 1853. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^5]: Robert Glass Cleland, *A History of Phelps Dodge, 1834-1950* (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), title and dates. https://archive.org/details/historyofphelpsd0000robe [^6]: *Copper Manual: Copper Mines, Copper Statistics, Copper Shares* (1897), passages on Anson G. Phelps, "founder of the house of Phelps, Dodge & Company," the brass mill built at Wolcottville in 1834, and the copper-rolling mill at Birmingham, Connecticut. https://archive.org/details/coppermanualcop01cogoog [^7]: Anson Phelps Stokes, *Stokes Records: Notes Regarding the Ancestry and Lives of Anson Phelps Stokes and Helen Louisa (Phelps) Stokes* (New York, 1910), vol. 1, entries for 1837 (the assignment of Phelps, Dodge & Co. to James Stokes and Mr. Porter), 1855 (entry into the firm's office), and 1861 ("In January, 1861, I became a partner in Phelps, Dodge & Co. and Phelps, James & Co."). https://archive.org/details/stokesrecordsnot12instok [^8]: Stokes, *Stokes Records*, vol. 1, entry for December 31, 1878, on the expiry of the partnership of Phelps, Dodge & Co. and the formation of the new partnership of William E. Dodge Jr., D. Willis James, Joseph Van Vleck and James McLean. https://archive.org/details/stokesrecordsnot12instok [^9]: Phelps Dodge Corporation, Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, filed February 27, 2007 (accession 0000950153-07-000431), Item 1, stating incorporation in New York in 1885. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/78066/000095015307000431/p73493e10vk.htm [^10]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Melissa Phelps (no. 1467) and the entry for Hon. William Earl Dodge with his children, including the marriage of June 24, 1828, the junior partnership in Phelps, Dodge & Co., the Thirty-ninth Congress and the presidency of the Chamber of Commerce. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^11]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Elizabeth Woodbridge Phelps (no. 1466) and her children by Daniel James (nos. 2392 to 2395). https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^12]: *Congress and Phelps, Dodge & Co.: An Extraordinary History; or, An Abstract of So Much of the Proceedings and Investigations of the 43d Congress (1st Session) in Relation to "Moieties and Customs Revenue Laws"* (1875), p. 28, testimony of W. E. Dodge before the Committee of Ways and Means on Daniel James and on the December 1872 dispatch. https://archive.org/details/congressphelpsdo00wellrich [^13]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entries for Ella Ada Phelps (no. 9930), with her marriage to Rev. David Stuart Dodge on June 20, 1860, and Ellen Ada Phelps Dodge (no. 9932), with her marriage to Anson Greene Phelps Dodge Jr. on June 5, 1880, in London. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^14]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Caroline Phelps (no. 1469) and the entry for James Boulter Stokes with his children (nos. 2405 to 2417), including Anson Phelps (Stokes), born February 22, 1838, who married Helen Louise Phelps on October 17, 1865; the partnerships in Phelps, Dodge & Co., Phelps, James & Co. and Phelps, Stokes & Co.; the Ansonia companies. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^15]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Isaac Newton Phelps (no. 617), the banking partner at 45 Wall Street, with his children by his first wife, including Helen Louisa Phelps (no. 1115); and Stokes, *Stokes Records*, vol. 1, on I. N. Phelps and the firm of I. N. and J. J. Phelps. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^16]: *Educational Adaptations: Report of Ten Years' Work of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1910 to 1920* (New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1920), "Biographical Sketch of Caroline Phelps Stokes," on her birth at Clifton Cottage on December 4, 1854, and on the founding of the fund by her will. https://archive.org/details/educationaladapt00phel [^17]: Stokes, *Stokes Records*, vol. 1, on Isaac Newton Phelps ("From 1834 to 1848 he was a partner in the large hardware house of Sheldon, Phelps & Co.," afterward with "John J. Phelps, a distant cousin (father of Hon. William Walter Phelps)," the firm of I. N. and J. J. Phelps, and Phelps, Stokes & Co.), and on the gifts of Olivia and Caroline Phelps Stokes (Berea College chapel, 1907; Woodbridge Hall to Yale; St. Paul's Chapel to Columbia). https://archive.org/details/stokesrecordsnot12instok [^18]: *History of the Class of 1896, Yale College: Decennial Record* (New Haven, 1907), biography of "Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., Secretary of Yale University," pp. 588 to 590 (born April 13, 1874; parents; "Phi Beta Kappa. He Boule. D. K. E. Bones."; election as Secretary in spring 1899; the Hillhouse property committee; marriage December 30, 1903; son Anson Phelps Stokes 3d born January 11, 1905; a younger brother in the class of 1909); and the class-dinner narrative of the announcement that "Stokes, our Anson, was to succeed Professor Dexter as Secretary of the University." https://archive.org/details/decennialrecordo00yalerich [^19]: *Congress and Phelps, Dodge & Co.* (1875), title page and index, including entries for George S. Boutwell (advice in the case of Phelps, Dodge & Co.), James B. Beck, W. E. Dodge and Daniel James. https://archive.org/details/congressphelpsdo00wellrich [^20]: *Chester A. Arthur, Collector of the Port of New York, Plaintiff in Error, v. William E. Dodge, Daniel James, James Stokes, William E. Dodge, Jr., D. Willis James, Anson P. Stokes, Charles C. Dodge, and Thomas Stokes, as Phelps, Dodge & Co.*, No. 206, Supreme Court of the United States (filed October 2, 1877), record including the complaint filed in the Superior Court of the City of New York in December 1874 and the duties at 15 percent ad valorem. https://archive.org/details/per_scotus_1879_206 [^21]: Stokes, *Stokes Records*, vol. 1, entries under 1874: "February 2, Moiety report published by Chamber of Commerce. May 2, ordered printed by Congress." https://archive.org/details/stokesrecordsnot12instok [^22]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Hon. Wm. Walter Phelps, covering his service in Congress, the New Orleans committee, the declined assistant secretaryship, the Samoan commission, the Smithsonian regency, the monument to John Phelps, his resignation at Vienna on Arthur's succession, and the wedding date of January 26, 1860 with the statement that he married on the day of his graduation. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^23]: *Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1893-1894* (New Haven: Yale University, 1894), pp. 238 to 239, entry for William Walter Phelps (Yale entry and class, marriage on Commencement Day, July 26, 1860, Columbia Law School 1863, the father's death in May 1869, the 43d Congress, the Austrian and German missions, the alumni trusteeship from 1872 to 1892, the LL.D. of June 1890, and his death on June 17, 1894). https://web.archive.org/web/2024/http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1859_1924/1893-94.pdf [^24]: Lyman Bagg, *Four Years at Yale* (New Haven: Henry Holt, 1871), pp. 359 to 360 (the Phelps Barge Races and the second race for the Phelps flag on June 7, 1871), and the passages on gifts to the college (a fund of $50,000 given by William Phelps, with income under his son William W. Phelps of '60) and on the boating program (Phelps pledged $250 a year for five years in 1870, with Charles H. Owen responsible for the arrangement). https://archive.org/details/fouryearsatyale00baggrich [^25]: Welch and Camp, *Yale: Her Campus, Class-Rooms, and Athletics* (1899), treasurer's lists of gifts ("For erection of Phelps Hall, from bequest of Hon. William Walter Phelps $50,000.00; by his family $20,000.00"; "For University Library, by Hon. William Walter Phelps (the income of the Phelps legacy) $3,000.00"; "from income of legacy of John J. Phelps $1,383.33"), the chronology entry "1895. Phelps Memorial Gateway erected," and the passage on the Classical Club in "the principal room of Phelps Hall." https://archive.org/details/yalehercampuscla00welc [^26]: Joshua L. Chamberlain (ed.), *Universities and Their Sons* (Boston: R. Herndon, 1898), vol. 1, history of Yale University, section on the Library. https://archive.org/details/universitiesthei01cham [^27]: Office of the Historian, United States Department of State, "William Walter Phelps," Department History, People (Austria-Hungary: appointed May 5, 1881, credentials June 20, 1881, superseded June 30, 1882; Germany: appointed June 20, 1889, credentials September 26, 1889, recall presented June 4, 1893). https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/phelps-william-walter [^28]: Fabian Franklin, *The Life of Daniel Coit Gilman* (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1910), pp. 94 to 95, on the incorporation of the Sheffield Scientific School in February 1871 by Professors Brush, Gilman and Trowbridge and Messrs. John S. Beach, William Walter Phelps and Charles J. Sheffield. https://archive.org/details/lifeofdanielcoit00fran [^29]: Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), passage on the Sheffield Scientific School trustees, "John S. Beach (The Order, '39)," "William W. Phelps (The Order, '60)" and "Daniel Coit Gilman (The Order, '52)." https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^30]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 1, no. 3609, Hon. Samuel Shether Phelps, born at Litchfield, Connecticut, May 13, 1793, "graduated at Yale in the Class of 1811," judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont 1831 to 1838, member of the United States Senate 1839 to 1851 and from January 1853 to the close of the session, died at Middlebury March 25, 1855, with his children including Edward John (no. 7125). https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam01phel [^31]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, no. 7125, Hon. Edward John Phelps, born at Middlebury, Vermont, "11 July, 1822," married Mary S. Haight, settled at Burlington, appointed by President Cleveland Minister to the Court of St. James, and afterward "lectures on international law in Yale University"; the correction "No. 7125 b. July 11 instead of 6 April" in the errata for p. 692; and no. 6131, Hon. Wm. Walter Phelps. https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^32]: John W. Stewart, memoir in J. G. McCullough (ed.), *Orations and Essays of Edward John Phelps, Diplomat and Statesman* (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1901), pp. vii to xi (descent from William Phelps of Windsor; entry to Middlebury College at fourteen and graduation in 1840; the New Haven lectures; admission to the bar in 1843; the Bering Sea argument and the tribunal president's remarks; the American Bar Association address at Saratoga in 1879; the appointment to London in 1885), and the address "Chief Justice Marshall and the Constitutional Law of His Time," delivered at Saratoga, New York, August 21, 1879, before the American Bar Association. https://archive.org/details/orationsessaysof00phel [^33]: *The Phrenological Journal and Science of Health*, vol. 80, no. 6 (June 1885), article on Edward J. Phelps, minister to England, quoting the retiring minister James Russell Lowell: "None but a distinguished and agreeable could have chosen to be President of the American Bar Association." https://archive.org/details/sim_phrenological-journal-and-science-of-health_1885-06_80_6 [^34]: Office of the Historian, United States Department of State, "Edward John Phelps (1822-1900)," Department History, People (Vermont; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, United Kingdom; appointed March 23, 1885; credentials presented May 19, 1885; left post January 31, 1889). https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/phelps-edward-john [^35]: Stewart memoir, *Orations and Essays of Edward John Phelps* (1901), on his lectures "at Yale as Kent professor of law from 1881 to the date of his death, at New Haven, March 9, 1900"; and Lewis Sheldon Welch and Walter Camp, *Yale: Her Campus, Class-Rooms, and Athletics* (Boston: L. C. Page, 1899), chronology entries "1881. Hon. E. J. Phelps made Kent Professor of Law," "1887. Edward J. Phelps professorship founded" and "1888. The Edward J. Phelps professorship assigned to Wm. K. Townsend," and the treasurer's list entry "Edward J. Phelps Professorship of Commercial Law and Contracts in the Law Department, by an anonymous donor, $25,000.00." https://archive.org/details/yalehercampuscla00welc [^36]: Antony C. Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), class-by-class list of members of the Order, "This section compiled by Kris Millegan" from the Yale Catalogue, entries for classes 1860, 1862, 1867, 1868, 1882, 1886, 1895, 1896, 1909, 1916, 1918 and 1927. https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^37]: Phelps, *The Phelps Family of America*, vol. 2, entry for Hon. Wm. Walter Phelps, with the children John Jay Phelps (no. 9937), Sheffield Phelps (no. 9938) and Marion Phelps (no. 9939). https://archive.org/details/phelpsfamilyofam02phel [^38]: A. C. Stevens, *The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities* (1899), entry on Yale senior societies, listing "Sheffield Phelps" and "William Walter Phelps" among graduates who are "Bones" men, and stating that Wolf's Head "was founded at Yale by a number of members of the class of '84" and "is incorporated as the Phelps Trust Association"; the passage is reprinted in Kris Millegan (ed.), *Fleshing Out Skull & Bones* (Trine Day, 2003). https://archive.org/details/StevensACTheCyclopaediaOfFraternities1899 [^39]: Antony C. Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), list of Yale officials and members of the Order, entry "STOKES, Anson P. 1896 Secretary of Yale (1899-1921)." https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^40]: Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), class lists (Dodge, Francis Talmage, 1904; Dodge, Philip Lyndon, 1907; Dodge, Washington, 1929; Stokes, Horace Sheldon, 1889; Stokes, Harold Phelps, 1909) and the list of "Individual Members of the Order at 120 Broadway," including Philip Lyndon Dodge ('07). https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^41]: Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), section on genetic problems, stating that the membership lists are heavily laced with Dodge, Whitney, Phelps, Perkins, Norton and Putnam used as middle (maternal) names. https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^42]: "An Act incorporating Russell Trust Association" (1856), certified copy from the Connecticut Secretary of the State dated March 28, 2001, as reprinted in Kris Millegan (ed.), *Fleshing Out Skull & Bones* (Trine Day, 2003), "RTA, Incorporated, a Shell Game," pp. 693 to 694. https://archive.org/details/fleshing_out_skull_and_bones [^43]: Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), text stating that the Order "was incorporated as The Russell Trust in 1856." https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^44]: Antony C. Sutton, "The Yale Senior Society Program," *Phoenix Letter*, vol. 3, no. 8 (October 1984), Research Publications, Phoenix, Arizona, pp. 1 to 6, on Skull & Bones (Russell Trust), Scroll & Key (Kingsley Trust), Wolfs Head (Phelps Trust), and the Elihu catalog entry for Anson Phelps Stokes. https://archive.org/details/sutton-antony-c.-the-yale-senior-society-program-phoenix-letter-vol.-3-no.-8-oct.-1984-pp.-1-6 [^45]: Rupert Hughes, "Secret Societies at Yale," *Munsey's Magazine*, vol. 11, no. 3 (June 1894). https://archive.org/details/sim_munseys-magazine_1894-06_11_3 [^46]: George W. Pierson, *Yale College: An Educational History, 1871-1921* (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1952), list of senior-society trust associations with dates: "Trust Association (Scroll and Key), 1860; Phelps Trust Association (Wolf's Head), 1886." https://archive.org/details/yalecollegeeduca0000pier [^47]: John Williams Andrews, *The Founding of Wolf's Head* (New Haven: The Phelps Association, 1934), pp. 17 to 67, reprinted in Kris Millegan (ed.), *Fleshing Out Skull & Bones* (Trine Day, 2003), pp. 485 to 508 (the passage at p. 506: "In June of 1883, eight months before, entirely unknown to the College or the world-at-large, a third senior society had been successfully founded"). https://archive.org/details/MilleganFleshingOutSkullBonesInvestigationsIntoAmericasMostPowerfulSecretSociety2003 [^48]: Welch and Camp, *Yale: Her Campus, Class-Rooms, and Athletics* (1899), "Skull and Bones was founded in 1832, Scroll and Key in 1842, and Wolfs Head in 1883," with the society homes on High, College and Prospect Streets. https://archive.org/details/yalehercampuscla00welc [^49]: *Buildings and Grounds of Yale University* (New Haven: Yale University, 1979), entries "Phelps Association, see 77 Prospect Street; Wolf's Head" and the McKim, Mead & White building "in Richardsonian Romanesque for the Phelps Association (Wolfs Head Society). Purchased by the University"; *McKim, Mead & White, Architects* (1983), list of works, "Phelps Association (Wolf's Head), Yale University, 1884-85"; and Patrick Pinnell, *Yale University: Campus Guide* (1999), "Wolf's Head Society" and "Phelps Association," Bertram G. Goodhue, 1924. https://archive.org/details/buildingsgrounds0000yale [^50]: *Educational Adaptations* (1920), "History of the Phelps-Stokes Fund," text of the seventeenth clause of the will of Caroline Phelps Stokes, "First Meeting of Trustees" (April 28, 1910, at the New York residence of Anson Phelps Stokes, with Bishop Greer temporary chairman and Francis Louis Slade temporary secretary), the list of trustees, and the biographical sketch on the Ansonia library. https://archive.org/details/educationaladapt00phel [^51]: Thomas Jesse Jones, *Education in Africa: A Study of West, South, and Equatorial Africa by the African Education Commission under the Auspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund and Foreign Mission Societies of North America and Europe* (New York: Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1922), introduction by Dr. Anson Phelps Stokes, "Origin of the Study" (the 1911 incorporation, the trustees' vote of November 1919, the proposal of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, the membership of the commission, the 1917 federal report *Negro Education*). https://archive.org/details/educationinafric00afriuoft [^52]: *Copper Manual* (1897), account of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company ("in operation since 1880," "operated and controlled by the eminent and well-known firm of Phelps, Dodge & Co.," J. Douglas, president; 1896 product 23,298,150 pounds). https://archive.org/details/coppermanualcop01cogoog [^53]: "Bisbee Deportations Condemned in Report," *The Mining Congress Journal*, vol. 3, no. 12 (December 1917), pp. 434 to 436, reproducing the report of the President's Mediation Commission, findings 1 to 14; and the same issue's list of presidents of the American Mining Congress ("Walter Douglas, President 1917-1918"). https://archive.org/details/sim_amc-journal_1917-12_3_12 [^54]: James W. Byrkit, *Forging the Copper Collar: Arizona's Labor-Management War of 1901-1921* (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982), list of illustrations ("Walter Douglas of Phelps Dodge Corporation") and chapter on the deportation; Samuel Truett, *Fugitive Landscapes: The Forgotten History of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands* (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), on Phelps Dodge president Walter Douglas and Sheriff Harry Wheeler. https://archive.org/details/forgingcoppercol0000byrk [^55]: *United States v. Wheeler*, 254 U.S. 281 (1920), argued April 28, decided December 13, 1920 (indictment under section 19 of the Criminal Code against 25 defendants for conspiring against 221 persons deported from Bisbee to New Mexico; counsel for defendants included Charles E. Hughes; judgment affirmed; Justice Clarke dissenting). https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/254/281 [^56]: Robert L. Daniel, "The Friendship of Woodrow Wilson and Cleveland H. Dodge," *Mid-America: An Historical Review*, vol. 43, no. 3 (July 1961), pp. 183 to 191 (Phelps Dodge interest; Princeton class of 1879; the 1896 fund and the 1902 election; Judge Haff's Mexican reports; the Huerta recognition of May 1913; the 1913 ammunition accusations; the 1916 campaign; the Armenian relief committee). https://archive.org/details/sim_mid-america-an-historical-review_1961-07_43_3 [^57]: Joseph L. Grabill, *Protestant Diplomacy and the Near East: Missionary Influence on American Policy, 1810-1927* (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971), on Cleveland H. Dodge, "vice-president of the Phelps Dodge Corporation." https://archive.org/details/protestantdiplom0000grab [^58]: James L. Barton, *Story of Near East Relief (1915-1930)* (New York: Macmillan, 1930), caption on Cleveland H. Dodge ("in whose board room the Relief Committee was organized, September 16, 1915. A member of the Executive Committee from the first and Treasurer from July 18, 1917, to his death, June 24, 1926"), the letter of September 14, 1915, the passage calling him "the personal friend of President Woodrow Wilson," and the appendix text of "An Act To Incorporate Near East Relief," approved August 6, 1919. https://archive.org/details/storyofneareastr0001jame [^59]: *Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Academical Year ending in June, 1891* (New Haven: Yale University, 1891), entry for Alphonso Taft (married August 29, 1841, to Fanny, daughter of Charles Phelps of Townshend; she died June 2, 1852). https://web.archive.org/web/2024/http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/ [^60]: *Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1929-1930* (New Haven: Yale University, 1930), entries for Charles Phelps Taft, B.A. 1864 (mother Fanny (Phelps) Taft, daughter of Judge Charles Phelps, B.A. honorary, University of Vermont, 1812, and of Eliza (Houghton) Phelps, of Townshend, Vermont; nephews including Charles P. Taft, 2d, '18) and William Howard Taft, B.A. 1878 (children including Charles Phelps, 2d, B.A. 1918). https://web.archive.org/web/2024/http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1929-30.pdf [^61]: Sutton, *America's Secret Establishment* (1983), class list, "Taft, Charles Phelps" in the class of 1918. https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones [^62]: J.P. Morgan & Co. Incorporated, definitive proxy statement (Schedule 14A) for the annual meeting of April 12, 2000, filed March 8, 2000, "Item 1: Election of directors," "Transactions with directors and officers." https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/68100/0000891092-00-000171.txt --- *The Info Web has an MCP server for agents at https://theinfoweb.org/mcp (streamable HTTP, no auth): search by meaning, exact text, source or date, and follow typed, footnoted connections. Setup and the same tools over GET: https://theinfoweb.org/llms.txt*