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Weyerhaeuser family

Lumber family whose Weyerhaeuser Timber Company bought 900,000 acres of Northern Pacific grant timber in 1900, with members on Yale and Skull and Bones rosters.

Also known as
Weyerhaeuser, Weyerhaeuser clan, Frederick Weyerhaeuser family
Location
Rock Island, Illinois; St. Paul, Minnesota; Tacoma, Washington
Mentioned on
4 pages
Last edited

The Weyerhaeuser family is a lumber family whose founder, Frederick Weyerhaeuser (1834 to 1914), built a timber business from a sawmill in Rock Island, Illinois and then from land in Washington State.1 Members of the family appear on Yale University class lists and on the Skull and Bones roster, and the family's company appears in federal court records, Bureau of Corporations reports, Federal Trade Commission orders and congressional records of timber ownership.

Rock Island and the Mississippi

Frederick Weyerhaeuser was born on November 21, 1834, in Niedersaulheim, Germany, arrived in Rock Island in 1856, and in 1860 joined his brother-in-law Frederick Denkmann in buying a bankrupt lumber mill there.2 The city's historic structures page describes the mill as failing and states that "From that time on, the firm cut and rafted logs down the Mississippi River."3 It gives the deaths of Denkmann in 1905 and Weyerhaeuser in 1914 and states that both are buried at Chippiannock Cemetery in Rock Island.4 Weyerhaeuser moved his family and offices to Saint Paul in 1891.2

The Yale record of his son's class gives the parents' marriage as October 11, 1857, at Rock Island, between Frederick Weyerhaeuser and Elizabeth Sarah Bladel, with seven children, four boys and three girls.5 The Forest History Society names the children as John Philip, Elise, Margaret, Apollonia, Charles, Rudolph and Frederick Edward, the last being the youngest.6

Mississippi River Logging Company and the Chippewa pool

The Minnesota Historical Society's biographical entry states that Weyerhaeuser was named president of the Mississippi River Logging Company by 1872.7 Walter A. Blair's history of upper Mississippi rafting records that the Beef Slough Boom and Improvement Company was organized in 1867 and chartered by Wisconsin to catch, sort, raft and scale all logs coming down the Chippewa River, and that the Mississippi River Logging Company took it over in 1873.8

The boom drew federal litigation. In February 1879 the Circuit Court for the Western District of Wisconsin heard the government's bill to abate the works of the Beef Slough company and to stop the driving of logs in the Chippewa; the court held that without specific legislation by Congress the regulation of a navigable stream was left to the state, and sustained the demurrer.9 In a separate suit, Heerman v. Beef Slough Manufacturing Company, a steamboat proprietor asked the same court to abate the company's piers and booms as a nuisance; Judge Bunn held that a court of equity would not abate piers and booms built under the authority of the Wisconsin legislature, at the instance of a private individual.10

A later contract case shows the company's structure. In Robson v. Mississippi River Logging Company (Circuit Court, Northern District of Iowa, April 2, 1894), the court found that the defendant was an Iowa corporation that drove logs and timber down the Flambeau and Chippewa rivers, and that the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company was "under the control and management of the defendant."11 The contract in suit, dated August 23, 1882, recited differences between a Minnesota timber owner, the logging company and the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company, and bound the logging company to drive, boom and deliver his logs at boom charges not to exceed 60 cents per thousand feet. When floods filled Beef Slough, the court held that the company could not excuse nonperformance, because it had built a boom in another slough on the west bank of the Mississippi.12

The Northern Pacific purchase

On January 3, 1900, James J. Hill sold about 900,000 acres (1,406 square miles) of Washington State timberland to Frederick Weyerhaeuser, according to a HistoryLink essay on the transaction.13 The land had been held by the Northern Pacific Railway, and Hill had gained controlling interest in that railroad.13 The price was $6 an acre, or $5,400,000, with $3,000,000 paid down and eight semiannual payments of $300,000 plus interest.14 The Weyerhaeuser Timber Company was incorporated on January 18, 1900.15 A second HistoryLink essay states that Hill and Weyerhaeuser had been neighbors in Saint Paul since 1891, that the buyers were Weyerhaeuser and 11 investors, and that the company eventually bought 3 million acres from Hill.16

The Bureau of Corporations later gave the same transaction in its own words. The report states that "Eighty per cent of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co.'s holding was originally part of the Northern Pacific grant. In 1900 it purchased 900,000 acres from the Northern Pacific Railway Co., and subsequent purchases brought the amount acquired from the Northern Pacific up to 1,525,000 acres."17

The bureau's 1913 volume on standing timber describes the purchase as "one of the most spectacular events in the timber history of the country" and states that "The Weyerhaeuser company was organized for the very purpose of holding timber for the speculative profit to be gotten out of it." It adds that the price understood to have been paid was equivalent to about 10 cents a thousand feet for the lumber the holding would produce.18 The volume quotes the St. Paul timberman F. B. Lynch, who told the House Ways and Means Committee on November 20, 1908: "we put in a bid for it and the Weyerhaeuser people got it, and the price of that timber, on the Northern Pacific estimates, was less than 20 cents per thousand."19 The bureau adds that "It is universally agreed that the Weyerhaeuser purchase was followed by a marked increase of timber prices."20

The Bureau of Corporations reports

The bureau published Part I of its lumber study, titled Standing Timber, on January 20, 1913, and Parts II and III on July 13, 1914. Part II is headed "Concentration of Timber Ownership in Important Selected Regions" and Part III "Land Holdings of Large Timber Owners," both under Commissioner Joseph E. Davies.21

Part I records the company's response to the inquiry. The Weyerhaeuser Timber Company "furnished a satisfactory statement of the acreage and location of its land," but for its timber "gave mostly old estimates made by the Northern Pacific from the eighties to 1900, before the purchase," and the bureau did not use them.22 The company supplied a list of its officers and directors but "refused to furnish a list of its stockholders and the amount of stock owned by each." Frederick Weyerhaeuser "furnished informally a list of companies in which he is interested," which the bureau did not verify, and the report states that "in lumber circles he is usually credited with being the most influential person in the timber and lumber companies in which he is interested."23

The report sorts the companies identified with him into the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co., a Group A of other companies in which he owned stock, a Group B of companies in which other known stockholders of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. were interested, and a Group C of companies in which his associates in Group A were interested. Its table gives the timber of Group A as 49.5 billion board feet, Group B as 65.1 billion and Group C as 81.6 billion, and the total as 291.9 billion, of which 228.5 billion lay in the Pacific Northwest, 48.7 billion in the Southern Pine Region and 14.7 billion in the Lake States.24 Weyerhaeuser owned from 10 to 60 per cent of the stock in each Group A company, according to his informal statement.25

The bureau then wrote: "there is a remarkable interweaving of interests among the various companies. As a whole they are controlled by a comparatively small number of persons closely united in subgroups through long business connection and often through family relationship." It added that "An extensive consolidation among these interests may easily be brought about at any time when circumstances favor it." Combined with the Southern Pacific (106 billion feet), the Northern Pacific (36 billion) and five holders discussed in the report (102 billion), the groups made "a total of 536 billion feet, or 31 per cent of all the privately owned timber in the investigation area, in the hands of a few interests."26

Part II treats the company's own holding. "The three largest holdings of timber in the entire United States, those of the Southern Pacific Co., the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co., and the Northern Pacific Railway Co., were obtained altogether, or in very large degree, through railroad land grants."27 The second largest holding in the country was the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co.'s: 1,515,932 acres in Washington (76.9 billion feet), 380,599 acres in Oregon (18.7 billion) and 4,905 acres in California (0.1 billion), a total of 1,901,436 acres and 95.7 billion feet.28 A footnote to the table states that it is "the total of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. and the companies controlled by it. It does not include the further very extensive interests of members of the Weyerhaeuser family nor of their close associates."29

Hill interests and the Oregon grants

Part II's discussion of southern Oregon records that the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. had made practically no addition to its western Oregon holding since its early purchases from the Northern Pacific, but was buying from small holders in Klamath and Lake counties, where the Booth-Kelly Lumber Co., in which associates of Weyerhaeuser were stockholders, also held timber. The report notes that the new Oregon Trunk Railway, controlled jointly by the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern Railway, in both of which "the Hill interests are important stockholders," was building up the Deschutes Valley, and that the holding of the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Wagon Road grant, over 700,000 acres previously owned by Charles Altschul as trustee for Lazard Freres, had been bought in 1910 by the Oregon and Western Colonization Co., whose president was a director in one of the Hill banks. It continues: "These facts, together with the apparent harmony between the Hill interests and the Weyerhaeuser interests, possibly indicate a plan to secure a dominating position in this timber region."30

The same part states that the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co.'s Oregon acreage included about 50,000 acres under contract from the Northern Pacific that the railway had sold but not yet deeded, that approximately 46 per cent of its Oregon timbered acreage came from the Northern Pacific through lieu selections, and that its subsidiary, the Pokegama Sugar Pine Lumber Co., had purchased a tract of 13,223 acres from the Oregon and California Railroad Co., as shown by the report's list of suits against purchasers.31

Land grant forfeiture in Oregon

Immediately before its discussion of the Weyerhaeuser holding, the report records a forfeiture case against the Southern Pacific Company. "On April 29, 1913, the United States district court decided in favor of the Government in its case against the company for the forfeiture of its entire present holding in Oregon on the ground of alleged violation of the conditions of its grants; and on July 1, 1913, the decree was entered adjudging the lands to be forfeited to, and the title to them to be revested in, the United States of America. The case is now pending on appeal."32 The report's index carries a separate entry for the Oregon and California Railroad land grant and a list of suits against purchasers of land from that railroad.32

Weyerhaeuser v. Hoyt

The Supreme Court decided Weyerhaeuser v. Hoyt on February 20, 1911, as 219 U.S. 380. The dispute concerned 40 acres in Minnesota; Hoyt claimed through an alleged purchase under the timber and stone act, and the appellants through a patent issued under the Northern Pacific land grant, the railway having made an indemnity selection of the tract and conveyed it "to Weyerhaeuser and Humbird, the present appellants."33 Hoyt had sued in a Minnesota state court to compel a conveyance and to restrain cutting; the case was removed to a federal circuit court, where "a decree was entered dismissing the bill," and the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed and directed a decree for Hoyt.34 The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Chief Justice White, reversed the Court of Appeals and affirmed the circuit court; Justices Harlan and Day dissented, and the dissent records that the patent to the railway company issued in October 1905.35

Yale and Skull and Bones

The class of 1917 book at Yale lists the Yale relatives of Frederick King Weyerhaeuser as "two uncles ; Rudolph M., '91 S., and Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser, '96." It gives his father as John Phillip Weyerhaeuser, born November 11, 1858, in Cold Valley, Illinois, and president of the firm of Weyerhaeuser & Company.36 The Yale Banner lists Rudolph M. Weyerhaeuser in the Sheffield Scientific School class of 1891.37

The Decennial Record of the Class of 1896 (1907) carries the entry "F. E. Weyerhaeuser," giving his birth at Rock Island on November 4, 1872, as the son of Frederick Weyerhaeuser and Elizabeth Sarah Bladel and the brother of Rudolph M. Weyerhaeuser, '91 S. It records that he prepared for Yale at Andover, was chairman of the Alumni Weekly Board in senior year, received a High Oration at the Junior Exhibition and at Commencement and was a Phi Beta Kappa; the entry's list of his societies reads: "He Boule. D. K. E. Bones."38 The same entry lists his business as lumber, at the National German-American Bank Building in Saint Paul, and the class secretary writes that he "seems to be a Big Gun in the lumber business."38 The class's 1912 quindecennial record lists him as of Weyerhaeuser & Company, lumber dealers, Saint Paul.39

Antony C. Sutton reproduced a membership list by class year in his 1983 book; the class of 1896 in it includes "Weyerhaeuser, Frederick E." among fifteen names.40 The same name appears in the list of Skull and Bones members that Kris Millegan printed in 2003, where the entry reads "Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser (S&B 1896)."41 Millegan's book also describes Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser as a follower of the forestry movement of Gifford Pinchot, and says the family had ties to Cecil Rhodes.41

The Yale Forest School chair and the lumber association

The Decennial Record prints a letter of 1905 in which F. E. Weyerhaeuser describes how a meeting of the National Lumber Manufacturers Association at Chicago on May 10 was addressed by Gifford Pinchot on forestry. His brother R. M. Weyerhaeuser was appointed to a committee that proposed raising an endowment for a chair of Applied Forestry and Practical Lumbering at the Yale Forest School. The association's president, N. W. McLeod, appointed a committee with F. E. Weyerhaeuser as chairman; its other members included Everett G. Griggs, '90 S., of Tacoma. The goal was $150,000, and the class secretary states that Weyerhaeuser had raised something over $50,000 for Yale in the year of the report.42

The Bureau's Part IV (April 21, 1914) reports other roles of the family in the lumber trade organizations. At a meeting at St. Louis on July 8, 1908, of lumbermen from the Yellow Pine Manufacturers' Association and the National Lumber Manufacturers' Association, a permanent committee "with F. E. Weyerhaeuser, of St. Paul, as chairman" was appointed to organize a company, proposed capitalization $300,000,000, with properties in Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The proposal drew attacks in the press as a trust, attorneys general of several states moved to enjoin it, and the project was dropped.43 In the 1909 tariff fight the bureau quotes letters from J. E. Rhodes to F. E. Weyerhaeuser, including one of March 9, 1909, that spoke of an Associated Press representative as "our man," and one of April 19, 1909, reviewing the House vote on a separate vote on lumber. Rhodes, then a lumber association secretary, entered the employ of the Weyerhaeuser interests in Saint Paul after leaving his association post at a meeting of August 17, 1909.44 The same part quotes "President Griggs" of the national association's Board of Governors on January 8, 1912, on the association's publicity against the "lumber trust."45

Part IV also records the Columbia River Loggers Association meeting of June 1907, "presided over by Mr. Clair, the Weyerhaeuser representative, and manager of their logging business on the Columbia," at which the Weyerhaeusers, "the heaviest loggers on the river," joined about twenty-five of the heaviest loggers in agreeing to shut down until surplus stock was used up.46

Federal Trade Commission proceedings

The Weyerhaeuser Sales Co., a Washington corporation with executive offices in Saint Paul, was a respondent in the Federal Trade Commission's proceeding against the Douglas Fir Plywood Association. The amended complaint of May 19, 1949, alleged a combination between May 1935 and August 1, 1941 to fix uniform prices, discounts and terms and to curtail plywood production; it described the Sales Co. as a distributor that was neither a member of nor a subscriber to the association but cooperated with it.47 Most respondents admitted the allegations; Weyerhaeuser Sales Co. admitted them only in part and only for a substantial portion of that period. The Commission found the respondents, except one dismissed company, to have violated the Federal Trade Commission Act, and its cease and desist order named Weyerhaeuser Sales Co. among the corporate respondents.48 The complaint's specific charges against the Sales Co. were that it adopted a uniform basic price list and a functional discount plan, kept lists of buyers entitled to a jobbers' discount, and shipped to East Coast and Gulf points only on a delivered basis.49

Sutton's chart and text

Sutton's 1983 chart "Hypothesis Number One" places the families in two tiers. Its new-wealth tier lists "Weyerhaeuser (lumber)" with the Rockefeller family and Payne families (Standard Oil), the Harriman family (railroads), the Davison family (J. P. Morgan), the Pillsbury family (flour milling) and the Sloane family (retail).50 Sutton's text on the Trilateral Commission states: "lumber industrialist Frederick Weyerhaeuser was in The Order, but his son is in the Trilateral Commission and not The Order."51 Sutton's text uses the name without a middle initial; the Yale class record and the Skull and Bones lists give the member as Frederick E., a son of the founder.

Trilateral Commission

The Trilateral Commission's list of "Current and Former Major Financial Supporters in the United States," dated March 31, 1980, lists "Weyerhaeuser Company" among its corporate supporters, alongside Boeing, Cargill, IBM and Xerox.52 The list is one of the documents reprinted in a Congressional Research Service issue packet on the commission (IP0092).52

The 1935 kidnapping

The Federal Bureau of Investigation records that on May 24, 1935, George Weyerhaeuser, the 9-year-old son of lumberman J. P. Weyerhaeuser of Tacoma, disappeared on his way home from school. A letter that evening demanded $200,000 in unmarked $20, $10 and $5 bills, and an advertisement signed "Percy Minnie" was placed in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer to signal compliance. The boy was released at a shack near Issaquah on the morning of June 1, 1935.53

The FBI traced the ransom bills to Harmon Metz Waley, who was arrested on June 8, 1935, in Salt Lake City, and agents recovered $90,790 of the money on June 11. On June 19, 1935, a federal grand jury at Tacoma indicted William Dainard, Harmon Waley and Margaret E. Waley. Harmon Waley pleaded guilty on June 21 and received 45 years; Margaret Waley was tried beginning July 5 and sentenced four days later to two concurrent 20-year terms; Dainard was arrested in Los Angeles on May 7, 1936, with $37,374.47 in ransom money.54

HistoryLink identifies the boy as George H. Weyerhaeuser (1926 to 2022) in an essay by Daryl C. McClary.55

Weyerhaeuser Company after 1966

HistoryLink's account of the company states that George H. Weyerhaeuser, the founder's great-grandson, became president in 1966 and that the company had acquired a transportation subsidiary, Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company, in 1923.56 The company's own release of June 14, 2022 states that George H. Weyerhaeuser "served as president and CEO from 1966 to 1991 and continued to serve as Board chairman through 1999," and that he was 95 when he died.57

The Securities and Exchange Commission's EDGAR index lists Weyerhaeuser Co, registered in Washington State under CIK 0000106535, with annual reports on Form 10-K and proxy statements on Form DEF 14A filed in each year from 2015 through 2026.58

Family foundations

ProPublica's Nonprofit Explorer lists the Weyerhaeuser Family Foundation, Inc., of Saint Paul, Minnesota, with employer identification number 41-6012062 and a ruling date of March 1, 1951. Its return for 2023 reports total revenue of $1,730,712, expenses of $1,627,046 and year-end assets of $26,374,760.59 Its return for 2021 reports total revenue of $3,557,848.60

ProPublica lists related family foundations in Saint Paul. The Frederick & Margaret Weyerhaeuser Foundation (EIN 41-6029036, ruling date August 1, 1964) reports 2023 total revenue of $184,898 and year-end assets of $6,300,887.61 The Charles A Weyerhaeuser Memorial Foundation (EIN 41-6012063, ruling date June 1, 1960) reports 2023 total revenue of $210,615 and year-end assets of $8,945,631.62 The F T Weyerhaeuser Family Fund (EIN 83-2053033, ruling date March 1, 2019) reports 2023 total revenue of $318,502 and year-end assets of $6,188,358.63

Relationships 10

Partner of
  • Frederick Denkmann, from 18602
Head of
  • Mississippi River Logging Company, from 1872, Frederick Weyerhaeuser, named president by 18727
  • Weyerhaeuser Company, 1966–1991, George H. Weyerhaeuser, president and chief executive officer57
Founded
  • Weyerhaeuser Timber Company, from 1900, incorporated January 18, 1900, after the purchase of Northern Pacific grant timberland15
Member of
  • Skull and Bones, from 1896, Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser, class of 1896, recorded as 'Bones' in the class's decennial record38
  • National Lumber Manufacturers Association, from 1905, Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser, chairman of the committee to endow a chair at the Yale Forest School42
Funded
  • Trilateral Commission, 1973–1980, Weyerhaeuser Company listed among corporate financial supporters as of March 31, 198052
Investigated by
  • Bureau of Corporations, from 1913, lumber industry reports, Part I of January 20, 1913 and Parts II and III of July 13, 191421
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation, from 1935, kidnapping of George Weyerhaeuser, age 9, from Tacoma53
  • Federal Trade Commission, from 1949, Weyerhaeuser Sales Co. a respondent in the Douglas Fir Plywood Association proceeding, 47 F.T.C. 42047

Sources

  1. James J. Hill sold 900,000 acres of Washington timberland to Frederick Weyerhaeuser on January 3, 1900. Greg Lange, "Frederick Weyerhaeuser makes one of the largest land purchases in United States history on January 3, 1900," HistoryLink.org Essay 5241 (posted February 19, 2003; expanded January 20, 2006), which gives the lifespan "Frederick Weyerhaeuser (1834-1914)." https://www.historylink.org/file/5241 ↩
  2. Courtney Gregar, "Weyerhaeuser, Frederick (1834-1914)," MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society (born November 21, 1834, in Niedersaulheim; arrived in Rock Island in 1856; in 1860 partnered with his brother-in-law Frederick Carl Augustus Denkmann to purchase a bankrupt mill; moved to Saint Paul in 1891). https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/weyerhaeuser-frederick-1834-1914 ↩
  3. "Weyerhaeuser and Denkmann bought a failing lumber mill in 1860" and "From that time on, the firm cut and rafted logs down the Mississippi River." Weyerhaeuser House, Historic Structures, City of Rock Island, section "Weyerhaeuser and Denkmann Lumber Company." https://rigov.org/1098 ↩
  4. "Denkmann died in 1905 and Weyerhaeuser in 1914; both are buried at Chippiannock Cemetery." City of Rock Island, Weyerhaeuser House page. https://rigov.org/1098 ↩
  5. Decennial Record of the Class of 1896, Yale College (1907), Biographies, entry "F. E. Weyerhaeuser," pp. 638 to 639 (marriage of October 11, 1857, at Rock Island; "altogether seven children, four boys (including Rudolph M. Weyerhaeuser, '91 S.) and three girls"). https://archive.org/details/decennialrecordo00yalerich ↩
  6. Charles E. Twining, "For the Sake of History: The Weyerhaeuser Family and the Origins of the Forest History Society," Forest History Society (the seven children John Philip, Elise, Margaret, Apollonia, Charles, Rudolph and Frederick Edward, "youngest of the seven"). https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/History_Twining_For-the-Sake-of-History.pdf ↩
  7. Gregar, MNopedia entry: "By 1872, he was named president of the Mississippi River Logging Company." https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/weyerhaeuser-frederick-1834-1914 ↩
  8. Walter A. Blair, A Raft Pilot's Log: A History of the Great Rafting Industry on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1915, chapter "Beef Slough," p. 47 (Beef Slough Boom and Improvement Company organized 1867; "taken over by the Mississippi River Logging Company, in 1873"), as reproduced by IAGenWeb. https://ns2.iagenweb.org/history/rivers/scott_rivmen/beefslough.html ↩
  9. United States v. Beef Slough Manufacturing, Booming, Log-Driving and Transportation Co. et al., Case No. 14,559, 8 Biss. 421, Federal Cases (Circuit Court, W.D. Wisconsin, February 1879), opinion of Drummond, Circuit Judge. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F.Cas/0024.f.cas/0024.f.cas.1064.pdf ↩
  10. Heerman v. Beef Slough Manufacturing, etc., Co. and others, 1 Federal Reporter 145 (Circuit Court, W.D. Wisconsin), opinion of Bunn, J. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F/0001/0001.f.0145.pdf ↩
  11. Robson v. Mississippi River Logging Co., 61 Federal Reporter 893, 893 to 894 (Circuit Court, N.D. Iowa, April 2, 1894), findings of fact (2) and (3). https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F/0061/0061.f1.0893.pdf ↩
  12. Robson v. Mississippi River Logging Co., 61 F. 893, headnotes 2 and 3 and finding of fact (5), articles of agreement of August 23, 1882. https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F/0061/0061.f1.0893.pdf ↩
  13. Lange, HistoryLink Essay 5241, on the sale of "900,000 acres (1,406 square miles) of Washington state timberlands" and on the land having been held by the Northern Pacific Railroad, "which Hill had gained controlling interest in." https://www.historylink.org/file/5241 ↩
  14. Lange, HistoryLink Essay 5241, on the price "$6 an acre ($5,400,000)," the $3,000,000 down payment and "eight semiannual payments of $300,000 plus interest." https://www.historylink.org/file/5241 ↩
  15. Lange, HistoryLink Essay 5241, stating the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company was "incorporated on January 18, 1900," shortly after the purchase. https://www.historylink.org/file/5241 ↩
  16. James R. Warren, "Weyerhaeuser Company," HistoryLink.org Essay 1675 (posted September 17, 1999): in 1891 Weyerhaeuser "became a neighbor and friend of railway magnate James J. Hill"; Hill sold the land "to Weyerhaeuser and 11 investors"; "eventually purchasing 3 million acres from Hill alone." https://www.historylink.org/file/1675 ↩
  17. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, Concentration of Timber Ownership in Important Selected Regions, and Part III, Land Holdings of Large Timber Owners (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1914), Part II, p. 7 and index entry "Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. holding, proportion acquired from Northern Pacific, 4, 7." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  18. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, Standing Timber (January 20, 1913), p. 208, section "The great Weyerhaeuser purchase." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  19. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, pp. 208 to 209, quoting Tariff Hearings, 60th Congress, p. 863 (statement of F. B. Lynch, November 20, 1908). https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  20. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, p. 208. https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  21. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I (January 20, 1913) title page; Parts II and III, title page and letter of transmittal dated July 13, 1914, under Commissioner Joseph E. Davies. https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  22. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, p. 59, section "Attitude of three largest holders toward Bureau's inquiry." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  23. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, p. 101, section "Interrelations of Mr. Frederick Weyerhaeuser and other large timber holders." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  24. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, pp. 101 to 103 (table of billions of board feet by group and region; Group A 49.5, Group B 65.1, Group C 81.6, total 291.9). https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  25. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, p. 102 ("owns from 10 to 60 per cent of the stock in each company included in group A"). https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  26. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part I, pp. 103 to 104. https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry01smitgoog ↩
  27. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, p. 4, section 2, "General conditions resulting in concentration of timber ownership." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  28. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, p. 6, "Holding of Weyerhaeuser Timber Co." and Table 2, "Timber holding of Weyerhaeuser Timber Co., by States." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  29. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, footnote to Table 2 and the footnote on the 291.9 billion feet, pp. 6 to 7. https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  30. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, p. 56, and index entry "Weyerhaeuser interests, harmony with, 56." https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  31. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, pp. 55 to 56, discussion of the Weyerhaeuser Timber Co. holding on the Oregon map. https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  32. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part II, text on Southern Pacific holdings in Oregon, pp. 5 to 6, and the index entries "Suits against purchasers of land from Oregon & California R. R. Co." (p. 54) and "Oregon & California R. R. Co. land grant" (p. 75). https://archive.org/details/lumberindustry00smitgoog ↩
  33. Weyerhaeuser v. Hoyt, 219 U.S. 380 (1911), decided February 20, 1911, opinion text on Cornell Legal Information Institute (the railway conveyed the tract "to Weyerhaeuser and Humbird, the present appellants"). https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/219/380 ↩
  34. Weyerhaeuser v. Hoyt, 219 U.S. 380, statement of the case: the suit removed to a circuit court of the United States, where "a decree was entered dismissing the bill," and the Circuit Court of Appeals, 161 Fed. 324, reversed. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/219/380 ↩
  35. Weyerhaeuser v. Hoyt, 219 U.S. 380, opinion of White, C.J. ("the decree of the Court of Appeals must be reversed, and that of the Circuit Court affirmed"), and the dissent of Harlan, J., with whom Day, J., concurred. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/219/380 ↩
  36. Yale University, class of 1917 class book, entry for Frederick King Weyerhaeuser, "His Yale relatives are two uncles ; Rudolph M., '91 S., and Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser, '96," giving the father as John Phillip Weyerhaeuser, born November 11, 1858, in Cold Valley, Illinois, "president of the firm of Weyerhaeuser & Company." ↩
  37. Yale Banner, archive.org identifier yalebanner02univgoog, student list entry "Weyerhaeuser, Rudolph M., '91 S." https://archive.org/details/yalebanner02univgoog ↩
  38. Decennial Record of the Class of 1896, Yale College (1907), Biographies, "F. E. Weyerhaeuser," pp. 638 to 640 (born Rock Island, November 4, 1872; prepared at Andover; chairman of the Alumni Weekly Board; Phi Beta Kappa; "He Boule. D. K. E. Bones."; business address National German-American Bank Building, Saint Paul; "seems to be a Big Gun in the lumber business"). https://archive.org/details/decennialrecordo00yalerich ↩
  39. A Record of the Quindecennial Reunion of the Class of 1896, Yale College (1912), Roll of the Class, "Frederick Edward Weyerhaeuser, Of Weyerhaeuser & Company, lumber dealers, National German American Bank Building, St. Paul, Minn." https://archive.org/details/recordofquindece00yalerich ↩
  40. Antony C. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones (1983), membership list by class year reproduced from the catalogue, class of 1896 ("Weyerhaeuser, Frederick E."). https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones ↩
  41. Kris Millegan (ed.), Fleshing Out Skull & Bones (2003), list of notable members including "Frederick E. Weyerhaeuser (S&B 1896)," and the passage describing Pinchot and Cecil Rhodes, as Millegan wrote it. https://archive.org/details/fleshing_out_skull_and_bones ↩
  42. Decennial Record of the Class of 1896, Yale College (1907), p. 640, letter of 1905 from F. E. Weyerhaeuser to the class secretary on the committee of the National Lumber Manufacturers' Association for a chair of Applied Forestry and Practical Lumbering at the Yale Forest School (committee members including Everett G. Griggs, '90 S., Tacoma; goal of $150,000; "Weyerhaeuser has raised something over $50,000 for Yale this last year"). https://archive.org/details/decennialrecordo00yalerich ↩
  43. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part IV, Conditions in Production and Wholesale Distribution Including Wholesale Prices (April 21, 1914), pp. 74 to 75, on the attempted yellow-pine merger of 1908. https://archive.org/details/cu31924092561038 ↩
  44. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part IV, pp. 60 to 62 (letters of March 9 and April 19, 1909, from J. E. Rhodes to F. E. Weyerhaeuser) and p. 535 note (Rhodes entering the employ of the Weyerhaeuser interests, with Edward Hines's letter of June 29, 1909). https://archive.org/details/cu31924092561038 ↩
  45. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part IV, p. 59, quoting the Board of Governors meeting of January 8, 1912 ("President Griggs"). https://archive.org/details/cu31924092561038 ↩
  46. Bureau of Corporations, The Lumber Industry, Part IV, pp. 365 to 366, letter of July 1, 1907, on the Columbia River Loggers Association meeting of June 1907. https://archive.org/details/cu31924092561038 ↩
  47. Federal Trade Commission, Douglas Fir Plywood Association et al., 47 F.T.C. 420 (amended complaint of May 19, 1949), paragraph 4(2) and 4(3) (Weyerhaeuser Sales Co., executive offices at Saint Paul, "neither members of nor subscribers to respondent association"). https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-47/vol47pg420-525.pdf ↩
  48. Federal Trade Commission, Douglas Fir Plywood Association et al., 47 F.T.C. 420, Report, Findings as to the Facts, and Order (answers of June 8, 1949; findings of violation of section 5; order to cease and desist naming "Weyerhaeuser Sales Co."). https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-47/vol47pg420-525.pdf ↩
  49. Federal Trade Commission, Douglas Fir Plywood Association et al., 47 F.T.C. 420, Findings, paragraph on the acts of Weyerhaeuser Sales Co. (uniform basic price list, lists of buyers entitled to a 5 percent jobbers' discount, functional compensation plan, C.I.F. shipments to East Coast and Gulf points). https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/commission_decision_volumes/volume-47/vol47pg420-525.pdf ↩
  50. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment (1983), chart "Hypothesis Number One: A Secret Society Dominated By Old Line American Families And New Wealth Has Existed From 1833 To The Present Day," new-wealth families list. https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones ↩
  51. Sutton, America's Secret Establishment (1983), passage on the Trilateral Commission: "lumber industrialist Frederick Weyerhaeuser was in The Order, but his son is in the Trilateral Commission and not The Order." https://archive.org/details/americas_secret_establishment-skull_and_bones ↩
  52. Trilateral Commission, "Current and Former Major Financial Supporters in the United States (since the founding of The Trilateral Commission in 1973)," as of March 31, 1980, listing "Weyerhaeuser Company" among corporations; reprinted in Congressional Research Service, The Trilateral Commission, Issue Packet IP0092. ↩
  53. Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Weyerhaeuser Kidnapping," FBI History, Cases and Criminals (May 24, 1935 disappearance of the 9-year-old son of J.P. Weyerhaeuser of Tacoma; the $200,000 demand in $20, $10 and $5 bills; the "Percy Minnie" advertisement; release "at a shack near Issaquah, Washington on the morning of June 1, 1935"). https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/weyerhaeuser-kidnapping ↩
  54. FBI, "Weyerhaeuser Kidnapping," sections "Investigative Success" and "Fitting Conclusion" (Harmon Metz Waley, Margaret E. Waley, William Dainard; indictment of June 19, 1935; Waley's plea of June 21 and 45-year term; Margaret Waley's trial from July 5 and two concurrent 20-year terms; Dainard's arrest of May 7, 1936). https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/weyerhaeuser-kidnapping ↩
  55. Daryl C. McClary, "George H. Weyerhaeuser is kidnapped in Tacoma and held for ransom on May 24, 1935," HistoryLink.org Essay 7724 (posted April 3, 2006), giving "George H. Weyerhaeuser (1926-2022), age 9." https://www.historylink.org/File/7724 ↩
  56. Warren, HistoryLink Essay 1675 (Weyerhaeuser Steamship Company added in 1923; "Under George H. Weyerhaeuser (Frederick's great-grandson), who became company president in 1966"). https://www.historylink.org/file/1675 ↩
  57. Weyerhaeuser Company, "Weyerhaeuser Mourns the Passing of George H. Weyerhaeuser Sr." (Seattle, June 14, 2022): "served as president and CEO from 1966 to 1991 and continued to serve as Board chairman through 1999," and "He was 95." https://investor.weyerhaeuser.com/2022-06-14-Weyerhaeuser-Mourns-the-Passing-of-George-H-Weyerhaeuser-Sr ↩
  58. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, EDGAR submissions index for Weyerhaeuser Co (CIK 0000106535), state of incorporation Washington, annual Form 10-K and Form DEF 14A filings listed from 2015 through 2026. https://data.sec.gov/submissions/CIK0000106535.json ↩
  59. ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, Weyerhaeuser Family Foundation Inc, EIN 41-6012062 (ruling date March 1, 1951), filing data for tax year 2023: total revenue $1,730,712, expenses $1,627,046, year-end total assets $26,374,760. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/416012062 ↩
  60. ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, Weyerhaeuser Family Foundation Inc (EIN 41-6012062), filing data for tax year 2021: total revenue $3,557,848. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/416012062 ↩
  61. ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, Frederick & Margaret Weyerhaeuser Foundation, EIN 41-6029036 (ruling date August 1, 1964), filing data for tax year 2023. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/416029036 ↩
  62. ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, Charles A Weyerhaeuser Memorial Foundation, EIN 41-6012063 (ruling date June 1, 1960), filing data for tax year 2023. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/416012063 ↩
  63. ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, F T Weyerhaeuser Family Fund, EIN 83-2053033 (ruling date March 1, 2019), filing data for tax year 2023. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/832053033 ↩

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