#FourthAmendment

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Ashley Gorski Ashley Gorski is a senior staff attorney in the ACLU's National Security Project who has led the organization's Fourth Amendment litigation against Section 702 backdoor searches, including joining the defense in United States v. Russell.

United States v. Hasbajrami United States v. Hasbajrami is the federal prosecution that produced the first judicial rulings requiring a warrant for Section 702 backdoor searches of Americans' communications, with the Second Circuit's 2019 decision and the district court's 2025 ruling establishing the leading Fourth Amendment framework for FISA database querying.

FISA Section 702 FISA provision authorizing warrantless collection of foreigners' communications from U.S. providers, whose 'backdoor searches' of Americans' communications courts have held require Fourth Amendment scrutiny.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Statute of October 25, 1978, requiring court orders from a specially designated panel of federal judges for electronic surveillance inside the United States to obtain foreign intelligence information.
Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act The Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act (RISAA), enacted April 20, 2024, reauthorized FISA Section 702 through April 20, 2026, codified modest procedural reforms to FBI querying practices, and defeated a bipartisan warrant amendment by a 212-212 tied House vote.