Georgetown University

Georgetown University is a Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., which describes itself as "the oldest Catholic and Jesuit institution of higher learning in the United States."¹ Its School of Foreign Service, its hospital and its research centers appear in the record of the anticommunist and Nuremberg career of Edmund A. Walsh, the intelligence-community figures who passed through the Center for Strategic and International Studies and the National Intelligence Study Center, the CIA's 1955 contribution toward a research wing at Georgetown University Hospital that was part of Project MKUltra, Saudi and Qatari gifts, the Center for Security and Emerging Technology, and the alumni and faculty who moved between the university and government.

Founding and the School of Foreign Service

Georgetown's history page dates the university to 1789, "in the spirit of the new republic," with teaching beginning in 1792 and John Carroll credited as founder.¹ The School of Foreign Service opened in 1919 under the direction of Walsh, a Jesuit who had been named dean of the College of Arts and Sciences in 1918.²

The finding aid for Walsh's papers at the Booth Family Center describes the career that shaped the school. In 1922 he led the Papal Relief Mission to Russia against a famine there and served as the Vatican's representative for studying the treatment of the Roman Catholic Church in the Soviet Union. The collection says that it was in this period that "Fr. Walsh began to develop his anticommunism."³ He built courses on Russian history, politics and culture, published The Fall of the Russian Empire in 1928, and in 1931 published The Last Stand, an analysis of the Soviet five-year plan.³ He served as president of the Catholic Near East Welfare Association, helped organize Baghdad College, a Jesuit school in Iraq, and acted as a consultant to the War Department.³

At the Nuremberg trials, the finding aid records, Walsh "was a civilian consultant to Robert H. Jackson, the lead U.S. counsel."⁴ In 1947 and 1948 he served as visitor general to the Jesuits in Japan.⁴ His 1949 book Total Power examined the Nazis, and his 1951 book Total Empire addressed the Soviet Union. He created the Georgetown University Institute of Languages and Linguistics in 1949, died on October 31, 1956, and the school was renamed after him in 1958.⁵

Galo Plaza, later President of Ecuador from 1948 to 1952 and head of the Organization of American States from 1968, was sent to the University of California and then to the University of Maryland, where he received a degree in agronomy, and to the Georgetown School of Foreign Service, where he received a degree in diplomacy.⁶ Bill Clinton received a bachelor's degree from the School of Foreign Service in 1968.⁷ Stacey Plaskett graduated from the school with a Bachelor of Science in History and Diplomacy, and her official House biography gives a Juris Doctorate from American University's Washington College of Law.⁸

The school's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy dates from 1978, when R. Smith Simpson, a career Foreign Service officer, established it with Dean Peter F. Krogh.⁹¹⁰ The Kennedy Institute of Ethics was established at Georgetown in 1971 by the obstetrician Andre Hellegers with the support of the family of Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.; Hellegers had joined the faculty in 1967, served on the Presidential Commission on Population and Birth Control from 1968 to 1973, and directed the institute until his death in 1979.¹¹¹²

Intelligence studies and the Center for Strategic and International Studies

The Center for Strategic and International Studies was founded in 1962 at Georgetown by Arleigh Burke and David Abshire. It operated as a center within the university and became an independent nonprofit institution in 1987.¹³ Ray S. Cline, the CIA's deputy director for intelligence during the Cuban Missile Crisis, left the State Department's intelligence bureau in 1973 and became an executive director of the center at Georgetown.¹⁴ The Georgetown library holds a May 16, 1962 New York Times clipping headlined "C.I.A. Appoints Intelligence Deputy," which reports his appointment to the agency's deputy post, among the papers of Richard Helms.¹⁵

James D. Theberge directed Latin American studies at the center from 1970 to 1975. His papers at Georgetown describe the same post as director of the Latin American and Hispanic Studies Center.¹⁶ A January 1972 CIA paper on Caribbean and Latin American propaganda names him as one of the experts of the Georgetown center on Cuban and Latin American affairs, and reports his view that Salvador Allende was "a willing ally in the Cuban diplomatic thrust."¹⁷ Theberge was ambassador to Nicaragua from 1975 to 1977 and to Chile from 1982 to 1985.¹⁸ His papers record that he "died of a heart attack on a visit to Jamaica in January, 1988."¹⁶

A CIA reading room document records a November 3, 1983 invitation from the National Intelligence Study Center and the trustees of Georgetown University to an exhibit of books on intelligence from the collection of Colonel Russell J. Bowen in the Gunlocke Special Collections Room of the Lauinger Library. The advisory board listed on the invitation includes William J. Casey, Daniel O. Graham, Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr., Paul H. Nitze and Eugene F. Tighe Jr.; Cline and Stefan Halper appear among the directors; and the program names Cline and Walter Pforzheimer as speakers. Bowen had deposited more than six thousand books and documents at the university library, and the center had published a bibliography of the collection, Scholar's Guide to Intelligence Literature.¹⁹

The university also holds the papers of Helms. The finding aid says Helms was a United Press staff correspondent from 1935 to 1937, covered the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, and as a correspondent in Germany "attended a lunch given by Adolph Hitler in 1936."²⁰ The same finding aid records a CIA career from 1947 to 1973, service as deputy director from 1965 to 1966 and as director from June 30, 1966. It records his appointment as ambassador to Iran, which he held from February 8, 1973 to December 27, 1976, and says that he met the Shah often in one-on-one meetings. In 1977 he pleaded no contest to charges that he had not fully disclosed to Congress the agency's plans to assassinate Cuban President Fidel Castro.²¹ Helms wrote in his 2003 memoir that he interviewed Hitler at Nuremberg along with other correspondents in 1936.²²

The Georgetown University Hospital research wing and MKUltra Subproject 35

The most documented Georgetown entry in the record is MKUltra Subproject 35. The August 3, 1977 joint hearing of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research published the subproject's file as Appendix C. The file opens in the printed record with a memorandum of December 21, 1954 from the agency's General Counsel, Lawrence R. Houston, which states that "a gift of Government funds as such would exceed the intent of the Congress in granting that power," and then weighs whether the return to the agency would justify a gift of that kind. The memorandum says that "In a legal sense, there is little or no control," that once the funds were donated "the individual, his foundation, or the hospital could conceivably refuse to work for us or allow us the use of the facilities," and that the "ostensible source" of the money meant the agency's projects would not be charged the hospital's 80 percent overhead on research contracts.²³ A General Counsel note of December 22, 1954 transmits the file with the comment that "there is no fundamental legal objection if the probable benefits are considered a fair return for this expenditure."²⁴

The Director of Central Intelligence approved Subproject 35 on January 15, 1955, for a contribution of $125,000 to the construction of a new research wing estimated at $3,000,000.²⁵ The memorandum of May 10, 1955 that recites the approval says that agency funds would be "transmitted through the [deletion] as cut-out," and that this would result in "one-sixth of the space in the new research wing being made available for Agency-sponsored research involving covert biological and chemical techniques of warfare." The hearing copy deletes the name of the recipient. Geschickter's own testimony identifies the fund. An April 8, 1955 General Counsel note acknowledged a request of April 6 for a further $250,000 for the project.²⁴ A later amendment, titled "For the Purpose of Establishing a Cover Organization for Highly Sensitive Projects in the Field of Biological, Chemical and Radiological Warfare," raised the agency's contribution to $375,000, with federal matching funds under Public Law 221 bringing the building fund to $3,000,000.²⁶

The amendment describes the financing. The university had allocated $1,000,000 and would assume upkeep and staffing obligations; the Fund would match the agency's $125,000 grant to make a donation of $250,000; and a second federal agency, whose name is deleted in the file, had indicated a willingness to contribute $500,000 on the basis that radiological research would be conducted in the new wing. When that agency's support changed to an annual research program of $50,000 to $75,000, the amendment proposed a $500,000 donation of which $375,000 was agency money, matched by $1,500,000 under Public Law 221. Senator Kennedy described the second agency as the Atomic Energy Commission and told Geschickter that when it did not participate the CIA proposed to double its contribution.²⁷ The total Government contribution to the hospital fund remained $1,875,000. The amendment also states that the originally approved contribution had not been transmitted, that neither payment would be made until funds adequate to complete the project were available, and that the Director had specified this condition in approving the original contribution.²⁶ Tab A adds that the agency's contribution was to be refunded if construction did not take place, and that the value to the agency of the $125,000 was $250,000 because of the matching federal funds.²⁸

The amendment lists the advantages to the agency in plain terms. Among them are that "Agency sponsorship of sensitive research projects will be completely deniable," that "Full professional cover will be provided for up to three biochemical employees of the Chemical Division," and that "Human patients and volunteers for experimental use will be available under controlled clinical conditions" under the supervision of a person whose name is deleted. It says the subproject was "originally conceived in October and November of 1954," and that the facilities would permit "controlled experiments under safe clinical conditions using materials with which any Agency connection must be completely deniable."²⁹ The Tab A justification states that "establishment of better cover both for the projects and for associated Agency scientists is of utmost importance," and records that over forty individual research and development projects had been established under the MKUltra framework.³⁰

The Tab A background describes the Geschickter Fund's role. The Fund had a board of six members and an executive director, and it had "solicited funds from various individuals to finance a program of basic research in the chemotherapy of cancer, asthma, hypertension, psychosomatic disorders and other chronic diseases." Since 1951 it had "co-operated with the Chemical Division of TSS and acted smoothly and efficiently, both as a cut-out for dealing with contractors in the fields of covert chemical and biological warfare, and as a prime contractor for certain areas of biological research." The background of the Fund's leading figure, whose name is deleted, states that he "is TOP SECRET cleared and witting of Agency sponsorship of the programs carried out by the Fund as are two other members of the Fund's Board of Directors."³¹ The wing was described as a building six stories high, 320 feet long and 50 feet wide, with two-thirds of the space given to research laboratories and offices and 100 research beds in the remainder.³⁰

Tab A also sets out the agency's difficulties in its own words. The use of the Fund as a cut-out was "increasingly limited" by the number of cleared people aware of the agency connection, by the feeling of its leading figure that the agency employees contacting him, among them "Drs. Gottlieb" and a deleted name, "have no cover of any sort and consequently expose him to unnecessary and highly undesirable personal risk," and by "widespread intra-Agency awareness of the nature of the relationship between the Fund and the Agency." The benefits listed include laboratory and office space, technical assistants and experimental animals, and "the equivalent of a hospital safehouse."²⁸

The hearing record also places the Georgetown projects in time. Of the several MKUltra projects conducted at Georgetown, the statement says, only one involving human testing ran past March 1959, and that was Subproject 45, which ran from 1955 to 1963 and whose papers make no reference to a new annex.³²

In the same hearing, Senator Richard S. Schweiker pressed Director Stansfield Turner on the one-sixth of the space. Turner answered that "there is no factual evidence of what went on as a result of that payment or what went on in that hospital," and added "It is just missing. It is not that it didn't happen." The agency's Inspector General representative, Alan Brody, said that any mention of the one-sixth "has to do with planning" and that there were no subsequent reports as to what happened after construction.³³ The statement for the record states that construction of the Gorman Annex was begun in 1957 and the Annex was dedicated in March 1959. It says that authorization for the contribution is contained in Subproject 35, that Geschickter continued his research under the agency's MKSEARCH program through July 1967 at the hospital, and that "it is impossible to determine if the facilities of the Gorman Annex were involved."³²

The Washington Post reported on August 7, 1977 that CIA documents on Georgetown described a "cover organization for highly sensitive projects" in chemical and biological warfare, and referred to research on terminally ill cancer patients.³⁴ The paper identified the building as the Gorman Building, which it gave a cost of $3,035,000, begun in 1957 and dedicated in March 1959. The Post described it as the last of a connected string of buildings that make up the hospital. Matthew F. McNulty, the head of the Georgetown University Medical Center, told the paper that the university destroys most research files after seven to ten years to save space, and that he probably would never be fully informed about events of fifteen and twenty years earlier. McNulty said that university records do not show exactly which building the $375,000 helped build, and that "it was apparently Gorman."³⁴

Charles Geschickter and the Geschickter Fund

Charles Geschickter was a pathologist and cancer researcher who founded the Geschickter Fund for Medical Research in 1939, when he was on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins medical school. The Post reported on August 3, 1977 that his Who's Who entry ran to 25 lines and did not mention the foundation, and that his Georgetown colleagues apparently knew little about it.³⁵ He taught at Georgetown from 1946 until his retirement in 1971 and kept a small office and laboratory in the Gorman Building.³⁴ The Post reported that the foundation's money was "generally assumed" to have come partly from Geschickter's own means and partly from gifts by his patients and others interested in medical science. McNulty told the paper that it "was no secret that he had a private foundation," but that it was "not something that he pushed or promoted in any noticeable way."³⁵

The Senate subcommittee subpoenaed him in August 1977 for a September session.³⁶ The Post reported that Georgetown's lawyers would meet him, and that the university had received 70 pages of CIA documents.³⁷ McNulty called the arrangement "an abuse of an institution's integrity and independence of operation and decision making," and said of the agency that "They didn't approach us above board or by open declaration."³⁴

Geschickter testified on September 20, 1977 as the first witness before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, chaired by Senator Edward M. Kennedy, at a hearing titled Human Drug Testing by the CIA. He told the committee that the Fund had been in existence since 1939 and that the agency's first contract with it was for a group of anticancer compounds published in 1951. He said that the agency then enlarged its grants to his laboratory at Georgetown and that the Fund did not knowingly furnish money to other universities for separate projects until 1955. Asked why the agency was interested, he said he could "only give you the report that came to me from Allen Dulles," which included the line "Thank God there is something decent coming out of our bag of dirty tricks. We are delighted."³⁸

On the building he said: "In 1957, I gave some money to the building fund of Georgetown University Medical Center. I never gave them a penny for any particular building." When Kennedy put the figure of $515,000 to him, he answered "$375,000, not $515,000," and then said "It turned out to be $375,000 CIA money." He said that he had never seen the Subproject 35 memorandum until the Saturday before the hearing, about 80 hours earlier. Asked whether he got one-sixth of the wing, he answered "Not at all," and asked whether he conducted research in the building, "Not a bit in this building."³⁹ Asked by Schweiker about the agreement that set aside space for a hospital safehouse, he said: "I knew nothing of this. Neither did Georgetown."⁴⁰

He gave the committee totals as well: $535,000 for Subproject 45; $655,500 for all projects that went to his own research; $375,000 for the building program; about $1,030,000 spent at Georgetown over thirteen years; and $2,088,600 to other institutions. He said the top floor of the building held isotope laboratories, that he had begun the effort to raise money for them through Admiral Lewis Strauss of the Atomic Energy Commission, and that the agency later told him it "got into a fight with Admiral Strauss of the AEC" and, when the commission would not put up the money, "were going to put it up themselves."⁴¹

Turner testified the next day. He said he had been told that Geschickter stated that the agency had given money to Georgetown for which it neither received nor asked for services, and called that "an utterly incredible allegation for anybody to make."⁴² Sidney Gottlieb, who ran the Chemical Division in the 1950s, testified on the same day that the cover arrangements for three biochemists "were never implemented," that extensive legal opinion and approval "right up to the Director" had been received for the payment, and that his perspective was that of "an expensive project that just never took place." Schweiker put to him the suggestion that the payment had been "an artificial device for keeping Dr. Geschickter happy because he was useful to the CIA in some sort of consultant role." Gottlieb replied that an element in trying to implement the project was to insure the continuation of the services the agency was getting from Geschickter, but that Schweiker's perspective "was not mine."⁴³

The journalist John D. Marks wrote that the 1955 contribution toward the research building was the only time in about twenty-five years that CIA officials sought White House approval for this kind of work, and that Dulles approved it.⁴⁴ Marks also wrote that the foundation carried $655,000 in agency money for Geschickter's own research and about $2.1 million in total, and that it remained a conduit until President Johnson's 1967 order barring CIA support of foundations.⁴⁵

The university's response and the 1977 record

The Post reported on August 27, 1977 that Georgetown had received "official notification" that it was part of the CIA program, and that the university was investigating the matter. The same article reported that CIA Director Turner had identified 86 institutions used, "knowingly or not," in MKUltra (Turner's letter of August 2, 1977 to Senator Daniel K. Inouye gave the number as 80 institutions, 44 of them colleges or universities⁴⁶); that the chancellor of the University of Denver, Maurice Mitchell, had confirmed that his university had been notified; and that the University of Maryland, George Washington University, Harvard University, Stanford University, Columbia University, Princeton University, Ohio State University and the University of Pennsylvania had publicly acknowledged similar letters. The paper added that George Washington University had received documents from the CIA about its role but had refused to release them.³⁷

The Post's account of McNulty's statements says that nearly two weeks of research and interviews had found no evidence that any research was ever done on the medical center's premises on the agency's behalf or with hidden agency funds, while McNulty conceded that the university could not be fully informed about the 1950s and 1960s.³⁴ Geschickter testified that the space the agency's memorandum described was in fact used by ordinary hospital laboratories, a dentistry clinic, a psychiatry outpatient clinic and a baby clinic on the first floor.⁴⁰

Saudi and Gulf gifts

In December 2005 Georgetown received a $20 million gift from Prince Alwaleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia to support and expand its Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, which dates from 1993. The center is now named the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding.⁴⁷

Foreign gifts and contracts reported under Section 117 of the Higher Education Act are published as public records.⁴⁸ The Department of Education file, current through February 28, 2025, lists 330 Georgetown transactions, 139 gifts and 191 contracts. For Saudi Arabia it lists twelve gift entries totaling $30,590,000, among them two entries of $2,000,000 each dated December 19, 2005, a $6,000,000 entry dated July 15, 2010, a $5,500,000 entry dated December 30, 2014, a $5,000,000 entry dated January 15, 2009, a $4,000,000 entry dated November 26, 2007 and a $3,000,000 entry dated November 27, 2006. For Qatar it lists nine gift entries totaling $18,185,676, the largest of them $5,007,896, dated June 25, 2009.⁴⁹

The Qatar-attributed contracts are the largest category in the file, with 67 entries totaling $952,891,407. The largest Qatar-attributed entry is $42,800,000, received in July 2010 under a contract with a start date of May 17, 2005. Grouped by the start date of each contract, or by the end date where no start date is given, the largest years are 2005, with 21 entries totaling about $531.2 million, and 2015, with 16 entries totaling about $373.0 million.⁵⁰

The Department of Education opened its review in 2019. Its letter of June 13, 2019 to President John J. DeGioia, published in the Federal Register on June 28, 2019 over the signature of Acting General Counsel Reed D. Rubinstein, notified the university of an investigation under 20 U.S.C. 1011f into its reports of gifts and contracts from foreign sources.⁵¹ The letter says the department believed the university's reporting "may not fully capture all gifts, contracts, and/or restricted and conditional gifts or contracts" from foreign sources, and names as examples Chinese nationals and agents who fund the Georgetown Initiative for U.S.-China Dialogue on Global Issues; the government of the People's Republic of China, its agencies and agents, including Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Huawei Technologies USA, Inc. and ZTE Corp; the government of Saudi Arabia; and the government of Qatar, including the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development. It states that the university's reporting should have included Georgetown University Qatar and its affiliated foundations, among them the Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding.⁵²

The letter requested within thirty days nine categories of records. They included all records of gifts and contracts with foreign sources since January 1, 2010; records on the governments of China, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Russia, including Kaspersky Lab; records on Georgetown University Qatar; communications with foreign sources about the Georgetown Initiative for U.S.-China Dialogue and the Alwaleed center since January 1, 2014; communications between Professor Theodore Moran and Huawei; records on Hanban and the Confucius Institute since January 1, 2015; records of steps taken to confirm that the foreign sources of gifts did not support persons designated under Executive Order 13224; and the university's and Georgetown University Qatar's IRS Form 990 filings for tax years 2014 through 2018.⁵³

Prince Turki al-Faisal, who had headed Saudi intelligence, gave a special address at Georgetown's Center for Contemporary Arab Studies on February 3, 2002. He said that "In 1976, after the Watergate matters took place here, your intelligence community was literally tied up by Congress," and that a group of countries formed the Safari Club to counter Soviet influence, listing France, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Iran as its members.⁵⁴⁵⁵ The account is the speaker's, given in a speech at the university.

The Center for Security and Emerging Technology

The Open Philanthropy grant page for the Georgetown project states that "The Open Philanthropy Project recommended a grant of $55,000,000 over five years to Georgetown University to launch the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET)." It names Luke Muehlhauser as grant investigator and says CSET is led by Jason Matheny, "former Assistant Director of National Intelligence and Director of Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)."⁵⁶ The founding team, as the page lists it, includes Dewey Murdick as director of data science, previously chief analytics officer and deputy chief scientist at the Department of Homeland Security and an IARPA program manager; William Hannas, a lead analyst who had been a member of the Senior Intelligence Service at the Central Intelligence Agency and the primary China science and technology analyst of its Open Source Enterprise, and earlier an assistant professor of Chinese at Georgetown who concurrently served with the Foreign Broadcast Information Service; and Helen Toner as director of strategy and plans, previously a senior research analyst at Open Philanthropy.⁵⁷ The center reported in August 2021 that Open Philanthropy's increased commitment brought total funding to more than $100 million through 2025.⁵⁸

Matheny left CSET for the White House in March 2021.⁵⁹ A Washington Examiner report of April 17, 2026, based on documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, states that while in the White House Matheny hired Ben Buchanan, then director of CSET's CyberAI project, under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act, with Georgetown continuing to pay Buchanan's salary and the government reimbursing the university. Buchanan told the paper that he had taken "a leave from my professorship at Georgetown University to advance this mission in the White House."⁶⁰ Buchanan's CSET biography describes him as a senior faculty fellow there and an assistant teaching professor in the School of Foreign Service.⁶¹

Open Philanthropy's later grants to the RAND Corporation, after Matheny became its chief executive, included $10.5 million in October 2023, which Muehlhauser recommended.⁶² The department Murdick left for CSET is shown by In-Q-Tel's own milestones page as a limited partner of the fund from 2010.⁶³ Toner sat on the nonprofit board of OpenAI when it voted to remove Sam Altman as chief executive in November 2023.⁶⁴

The Georgetown University Bridge Initiative

A 2023 investigation by David D. Kirkpatrick reports that the Georgetown University Bridge Initiative described Lorenzo Vidino, a researcher at the GWU Program on Extremism, as someone who "promotes conspiracy theories about the Muslim Brotherhood."⁶⁵

INSLAW, PROMIS and the FOIMS review

In 1992 and 1993 the Special Counsel's office retained Dorothy Denning, chair of the Computer Science Department at Georgetown, to compare the FBI's FOIMS software with the PROMIS program. INSLAW had argued that FOIMS was derived from PROMIS. The Special Counsel's March 1993 report, signed by Nicholas J. Bua, states that Denning's "credentials are impeccable," that the FBI "voiced no objection to our choice and processed her security clearance," and that she had earlier served as an expert for a criminal defendant in the Northern District of Illinois, where the charges were dismissed mid-trial.⁶⁶

The report says the Special Counsel tried three times to reach William Hamilton of INSLAW to invite him or another representative to the on-site review of FOIMS at FBI headquarters.⁶⁶ It states that Denning concluded that PROMIS, written in COBOL, was so different from FOIMS, written in the NATURAL and ADABASE environment, that one could not have served as the platform for the other, and that any further examination of the source code would be a waste of her time.⁶⁷ The Department of Justice's September 27, 1994 review of the Bua report records the same conclusion and INSLAW's principal criticism, the failure of Denning to compare the code of the two programs directly.⁶⁸

John L. Gizzarelli graduated from Georgetown University Law School in 1973 and that year was general counsel of INSLAW.⁶⁹

Alumni, faculty and figures in the record

Trae Stephens graduated from the School of Foreign Service in 2006. His alumni profile says he wanted to learn Arabic, which made Georgetown a "natural choice," and that he began his career in the office of then-Congressman Rob Portman and in the political affairs office of the Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington. The profile also places the start of his career in the intelligence community.⁷⁰

Robert M. Maheu entered Georgetown Law School in September 1940, according to the FBI's applicant file on him.⁷¹ Robert D. Peloquin attended the university from 1947 to 1951, served in the Navy, and studied at the law school from February 1953 to October 1956, according to an FBI applicant investigation of 1958.⁷² C. Richard D'Amato took his law degree at Georgetown in 1980, according to his resume.⁷³ Mayer Nudell is described in a 1990 resume packet prepared by a counterterrorism consulting firm as holding a B.S. in foreign service from Georgetown.⁷⁴

Clayton Hinchman, chairman and chief executive of Ignite Fueling Innovation, is described on the affiliated Radiance Ignite Technologies About page as holding degrees from the United States Military Academy and Georgetown.⁷⁵ Charles R. Work took an LL.M. from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1966 and passed the bar in 1965.⁷⁶ E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr. died in November 2010 at Georgetown University Hospital, according to the Post.⁷⁷