The Info Web

Delaware

State of incorporation for the Epstein aircraft companies, In-Q-Tel and most of the vault's corporate shells, and the forum of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute trustee suit and the FTX bankruptcy.

Category
U.S. State
Also known as
State of Delaware, Delaware, United States
Mentioned on
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Delaware is a Mid-Atlantic state and the legal domicile of most of the corporations, limited partnerships and limited liability companies named on this site. Delaware law allows an entity to come into existence on a filing with the state and gives it a file number.12 The state's courts appear as well, chiefly the Delaware Court of Chancery, which heard the trustee suit over the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, where the FTX Chapter 11 case and several adversary proceedings involving SkyBridge-related parties were filed. In the Supreme Court record the state is the respondent in Franks v. Delaware.

Delaware General Corporation Law and the registry

Any person, partnership, association or corporation, without regard to residence, domicile or state of incorporation, may incorporate under the General Corporation Law by filing a certificate of incorporation with the Division of Corporations in the Department of State.3 The certificate must state the corporation's name, the address of its registered office in the state and the name of its registered agent at that address.4 The Limited Liability Company Act likewise requires a certificate of formation that sets out the name, the registered office and the registered agent, and the company exists from the moment of filing.2 The corporation law also permits the certificate to eliminate the personal liability of directors and officers to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty, subject to enumerated exceptions.5 A stockholder may inspect the corporation's books and records for a proper purpose on written demand under oath, and the Court of Chancery hears the proceedings to compel it.6

The federal Corporate Transparency Act, enacted on January 1, 2021 as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, directed the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network to collect beneficial ownership information from entities formed by a state filing.7 On March 26, 2025, FinCEN published an interim final rule (90 Fed. Reg. 13688) that confined the reporting requirement to entities formed under foreign law and registered to do business in the United States, exempting entities previously defined as domestic reporting companies from reporting beneficial ownership information.8 A final rule of August 14, 2026 (91 Fed. Reg. 52508) adopted the interim rule with changes, and also exempted reporting companies from submitting information about their U.S. person company applicants.9

Corporate domicile and the Division of Corporations

The Division of Corporations record for a Delaware entity gives a file number, a formation date and the name of a registered agent. GeoMiliTech Consultants Corp. appears under file number 2015058, with a formation date of August 15, 1983, and Corporation Guarantee and Trust Company of Wilmington as registered agent.10 Christopher Byron wrote in 1991 that court records showed the company incorporated in July 1983.11 Mark Phythian gives August 15, 1983 as the date on which a company presented as private was formed in Delaware to sell or exchange weapons.12

The Counter Terrorism Consultants, Inc. partnership, CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., was filed as a Delaware limited partnership under file number 2168210 on August 1, 1988.13 It registered in the District of Columbia as a foreign limited partnership on August 5, 1988, under file number 058088, with the corporation at 2300 M Street NW as its registered agent.14 The 1988 membership directory of the International Association of Chiefs of Police lists Carter Cornick as president of the corporation at that address.15 On August 2, 1988, United Press International reported that a group of former FBI agents and federal prosecutors had formed a consulting firm, a report that appeared the day after the partnership's filing.16

The Commodity Credit Corporation holds its present federal charter under the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act of June 29, 1948. That act dissolved an earlier corporation of the same name organized under Delaware law and transferred its rights, duties, assets and liabilities to the new body, as the Government Corporation Control Act of 1945 required of wholly owned government corporations.17

Discord Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its business address in San Francisco, California.18 In his January 31, 2024 testimony before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Jason Citron stated that he had co-founded the company in 2015, that more than 150 million people used the service each month, that more than 75 percent of them were outside the United States, and that Discord sold no advertising and charged for subscriptions and server boosts.19

Epstein aircraft and the AdFin shareholding

Air Ghislaine, Inc. was a Delaware corporation with a registered address in Wilmington and an office address for Jeffrey Epstein in New York. It held fractional jet shares and helicopters from at least January 2000.20 Its name carried the first name of Ghislaine Maxwell. It was renamed Shmitka Air, Inc. on February 11, 2010, and Freedom Air International, Inc. on July 6, 2010.21 A forensic accountant's table of Epstein entities lists Freedom Air International as wholly owned by Epstein and cites a consent of the sole stockholder dated December 7, 2012.20 The company's filings with the Federal Aviation Administration list as signing officers Epstein's chief pilot Larry Visoski until the 2010 renaming.21

JEGE, Inc. was a Delaware corporation through which Epstein owned the Boeing 727-31 registered N908JE, the aircraft the press called the Lolita Express. A 2007 federal draft indictment, never filed, describes Epstein as its principal owner, its president, sole director and sole shareholder, and says its sole business activities concerned the operation and ownership of that aircraft.22 A separate company, JEGE, LLC, was organized in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, on October 19, 2012, with Epstein and Visoski as members.22

Hyperion Air, Inc. was a Delaware corporation with a registered address in Wilmington. It bought Epstein's Gulfstream jet N909JE in 1994. The same unfiled 2007 draft indictment describes Epstein as its president, sole director and sole shareholder, and says its sole business activities concerned that Gulfstream.23 Hyperion Air, LLC was organized in St. Thomas on October 19, 2012, and held his helicopters until after his death. The corporation's account at JPMorgan Chase carried Epstein's aviation cash withdrawals from about 2011, according to an expert report filed in the Virgin Islands litigation against the bank.20

AdFin Solutions, Inc., styled AD/FIN, was a Delaware corporation incorporated on April 25, 2011.24 It ingested and harmonized log-file data on winning bid transactions in programmatic advertising and sold pricing and media-audit analytics built on it.25 Its Series A preferred stock was bought in 2012 and 2013 by Jonathan Leitersdorf, David Mitchell, Tom Glocer, Southern Trust Company and CVAFH I LLC.26 The counterpart signature pages for the purchase agreement name Southern Trust Company, Inc., with Jeffrey Epstein as its president.26 The Schedule of Purchasers lists Southern Trust Company for 1,142,857 shares at $499,999.94 in a closing of April 10, 2013.27 CVAFH I LLC bought 800,000 shares for $350,000 on July 23, 2013, under a letter agreement that names Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. as the ultimate holding company of CVAFH.28 AdFin ceased operations in October 2019.29

Funds, advisers and trading firms

The Form D notices filed under the name 1517 Fund begin in August 2015. Fund I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, filed on August 31, 2015, with a first sale on August 14, 2015, and reported 6,400,000 dollars sold to twelve investors.30 Its executive officers were two individuals and a general partner entity, 1517 Fund I GP, LLC. A sidecar vehicle, 1517 Fund I Sidecar LP, filed on December 1, 2015 and reported 290,000 dollars sold to six investors.31

Bridgewater Associates, LP is a Delaware limited partnership and an investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission since January 12, 1990, with offices in Westport, Connecticut.32 A Connecticut fiscal analysis prepared for a 2016 bond commission meeting gave its founding year as 1975 and described its clients as foreign governments and central banks, corporate and public pension funds, university endowments and charitable foundations.33

ICONIQ Capital, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser, with CRD number 159198 and SEC file number 801-72878. Its registration took effect on December 1, 2011. Its brochure of March 26, 2026 names Divesh Makan, Michael Anders, Will Griffith and Matthew Jacobson as its principals.34

Jane Street Capital, LLC is a broker-dealer formed in Delaware on August 31, 1999 and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2000, with its main office at 250 Vesey Street in New York. Its direct owner is Jane Street Group, LLC, which it reports as its member from January 2014. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority record lists the members of the Jane Street Group management committee as control persons, among them Robert Granieri from January 2014 and, from December 2024, James McClave.35 The Securities and Exchange Board of India issued an interim order on July 3, 2025 concerning index manipulation by Jane Street Group.36

Minerva Project, Inc. is incorporated in Delaware. Ben Nelson is listed on each of its five Form D notices as an executive officer and director. The first, filed April 6, 2012, gives March 26, 2012 as the date of first sale, an offering of 25,000,000 dollars, and 16,666,667 dollars sold. It lists Kevin Harvey as a director beside Nelson.37

Braintree, which Bryan Johnson led as chief executive officer, was incorporated in Delaware. Its Form D filed on July 13, 2011 lists Johnson as chief executive officer and director, Dan Manges as an executive officer, and Ryan Sweeney of Accel Partners as a director. It reports 34,200,097 dollars sold to six investors in an offering whose first sale was June 28, 2011. A second Form D followed on November 21, 2011.38

The annual amendment of the Form ADV of SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, printed March 31, 2026, lists on Schedule A Anthony Scaramucci as manager and member since May 2018, with control person status. It also lists Island Bay Ventures, Inc., a Delaware company, as a member since September 2022, with 25 percent but less than 50 percent ownership. Beneath Island Bay the schedule lists Paper Bird Inc. and, as its shareholder since September 2022, Sam Bankman-Fried. Item 7.B lists among the adviser's private funds SkyBridge FTX LP, whose general partner is SkyBridge FTX GP LLC.39

Cambridge Analytica, LLC was a Delaware limited liability company formed in December 2013, with its principal office at 597 Fifth Avenue in New York and part of the family of companies of the British firm SCL Group.40 Robert Mercer capitalized the company, Steve Bannon served on its board, and Alexander Nix was its chief executive officer.41 The company filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on May 17, 2018, as In re Cambridge Analytica LLC, Case No. 18-11500.41

Intelligence contractors and defense firms

In-Q-Tel was incorporated in Delaware on February 16, 1999, as Peleus, Inc., began work as In-Q-It, and took its present name in January 2000. It reported its 800th investment in 2025.424344 The company invests money from the Central Intelligence Agency and other intelligence agencies in technology companies.

Aerojet Engineering Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on March 19, 1942. Its incorporators were Theodore von Kármán, Frank Malina, Jack Parsons, Edward Forman, Martin Summerfield and the Washington attorney Andrew Haley.45 In his autobiography von Kármán wrote that each founder agreed to contribute 200 dollars and that Haley agreed to advance 2,500 dollars to cover the cost of starting the company.45

Intertel was incorporated in Delaware in January 1970 as a management advisory and consulting business intended to protect business firms from infiltration by crime and criminals. Robert Peloquin was its president, and William Hundley was its secretary and general counsel.46 The treasurer was Raymond M. Gore, also vice president for finance of Resorts International.46 Its officers included Fenelon Richards, formerly director of enforcement of the United States Customs Service, and Thomas McKeon, formerly a Justice Department organized crime attorney.46

Oil, aviation and the Bush and Baker names

Harken Energy was incorporated in California in 1973 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1979. George W. Bush served as a director and consultant from 1986 until October 26, 1993. In January 1990 its subsidiary, Harken Bahrain Oil Company, obtained exclusive exploration rights over most of Bahrain's offshore territory.474849

Atlantic Aviation, a Delaware company selling business aircraft, hired James R. Bath in 1968 to open its Houston office, and he later became an aircraft broker on his own.50 In 1973 Bath formed a real estate partnership with Lan Bentsen, a son of Lloyd Bentsen. Sources whom Time did not name said that one purpose was to find investments for the senator's blind trust. Bath and Bentsen said they had not been partners for years, but in 1991 secretaries at Bath's office still answered the telephone under the name Bath Bentsen Interests, and Bath said he had not got around to changing it.51 Unger wrote that Bath counted among his friends the Bentsen family, the younger and elder Bush, the Houston lawyer James A. Baker III, his duck-hunting companion, and John Connally.50

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Court of Chancery

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute was incorporated in Delaware on December 17, 1953, with Howard Hughes as its sole trustee. The same day its incorporators established an executive committee to exercise such powers as the trustee designated. The institute was funded by the transfer of the electronics division of the Hughes holdings, the Hughes Aircraft Company. On March 1, 1957 the Internal Revenue Service ruled that the institute was a charitable corporation exempt from federal income tax.52 On July 3, 1968 Hughes caused a "Resolution of Trustee" to be adopted, delegating to the executive committee the duties and powers "which Delaware law had conferred upon the boards of directors of corporations organized for profit."52

Hughes died on April 5, 1976 without naming a successor trustee or a means of selecting one. The affairs of the institute were then largely controlled by two majority members of the executive committee, identified in the opinions as F. W. Gay and Chester C. Davis. On July 10, 1978 the institute's restated certificate of incorporation provided that the corporation "shall be managed and controlled by an Executive Committee."53

The Delaware Court of Chancery heard the first round in 1979. On June 26, 1979 the Chancellor, William Marvel, considered a motion by Robert L. Shevin, Attorney General of Florida, to intervene. Shevin argued that Florida had an interest in a charitable trust and in the University of Miami Medical Center, which had received gifts from the institute. Marvel denied the motion without prejudice, finding that the Attorney General of Delaware was fully qualified to litigate the narrow issue before the court.53 The opinion records that the institute carried on medical research in laboratories associated with twelve university hospitals and employed more than 275 persons.53

On October 26, 1979 the court considered a complaint filed jointly by the Attorney General of Delaware and William R. Lummis, the Delaware ancillary administrator of the Hughes estate. The institute moved to dismiss the claim of Lummis for lack of standing. Lummis argued that he had succeeded to Hughes's position as trustee and, in the alternative, that as ancillary administrator he had a duty to see a qualified successor appointed. The opinion concluded that Hughes's powers as trustee did not of themselves constitute a property interest of the institute, citing In re Buck Trust.52

The Court of Chancery and the BGC derivative suit

The Court of Chancery is a court of equity without juries. In 1979 it was headed by William Marvel, who had joined the court as a Vice Chancellor in 1954.53

On October 5, 2018 the Roofers Local 149 Pension Fund filed a derivative complaint in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the directors of BGC Group, Howard Lutnick, CF Group Management and Cantor Fitzgerald. The complaint challenged BGC's purchase of Berkeley Point from Cantor Commercial Real Estate for 875 million dollars on September 8, 2017 and its simultaneous investment of 100 million dollars for a 27 percent interest in Cantor's remaining commercial mortgage-backed securities business.54 The opinion records that the Roofers fund and the Northern California Pipe Trades Trust Funds filed derivative actions in October and November 2018, and that the actions were consolidated on December 4, 2018 as C.A. No. 2018-0722-AGB.55

In the memorandum opinion of September 30, 2019, Chancellor Andre G. Bouchard described BGC as a public company controlled by Lutnick that had paid 875 million dollars for a private company also controlled by Lutnick. The plaintiffs alleged that Lutnick stood on both sides of the transaction, held a 60 percent economic interest in Berkeley Point against 13.8 percent in BGC, and so had every reason to cause BGC to overpay. Cantor, CF Group and Lutnick controlled BGC through all of its Class B super-voting stock, giving them 60 percent of the voting power, and Lutnick owned about 60 percent of Cantor and held sole voting control of it.55 The defendants moved to dismiss on demand futility and, for the four outside directors, for failure to state a claim. Those directors were Linda Bell, Stephen Curwood, William Moran and John Dalton, appointed to a special committee on March 14, 2017. The court found that the complaint pleaded facts creating reasonable doubt about the independence of a majority of the board. As to Moran, it recited a professional relationship with Lutnick of about twenty years across four Cantor-affiliated boards, board compensation from Cantor affiliates of 931,986 dollars, and public and social contacts between their families. It denied both motions without findings on the merits.55

The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Court of Chancery's final judgment of September 27, 2022 by order of August 10, 2023, on the basis of the Court of Chancery's memorandum opinion of August 19, 2022.56

The UPI injunction of 1985

On May 20, 1985, in Wilmington, Vice Chancellor Joseph Walsh of the Court of Chancery granted Douglas Ruhe and William Geissler, the owners of United Press International, a preliminary injunction that removed Luis Nogales as chairman of UPI's parent company and removed its board of directors. UPI was then operating under Chapter 11 protection.57 On May 28, 1985 a consent order in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Columbia abolished UPI's own board and gave Nogales exclusive operating authority as chairman and chief executive officer.58

The District of Delaware bankruptcy court

The FTX Chapter 11 case was filed in the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on November 11, 2022, as In re FTX Trading Ltd., No. 22-11068 (JTD), with John T. Dorsey assigned as judge; the court's case page lists Dorsey's opinion and order of June 26, 2024 on digital asset estimation.59 On July 19, 2023 Alameda Research Ltd. and FTX Trading Ltd. filed an adversary complaint against Platform Life Sciences, Lumen Bioscience, GreenLight Biosciences Holdings, Riboscience, Genetic Networks and 4J Therapeutics.59

On November 8, 2024 FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures Inc. and Clifton Bay Investments LLC filed an adversary complaint in the same case against SkyBridge Capital II LLC, SkyBridge GP Holdings LLC, Digital Macro Fund LP (formerly SkyBridge Coin Fund LP) and SALT Venture Group LLC, Anthony Scaramucci and Brett Messing. As reported from the pleading, FTX bought a 30 percent stake in the operating companies that manage the SkyBridge vehicles for 45 million dollars in September 2022, and the plaintiffs sought to recover about 100 million dollars in all and to disallow a 45 million dollar claim by SkyBridge. As pleaded, Alameda Research Ventures, now Clifton Bay, invested 10 million dollars in the SkyBridge Coin Fund in March 2022.60

Southern Air Holdings filed Chapter 11 petitions in the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on September 28, 2012. It described itself as a long-haul wide-body air cargo provider for governments and commercial users, with DHL as its largest commercial customer, and attributed the filing to reduced Department of Defense air cargo spending as Afghanistan deployments wound down.61 Atlas Air Worldwide Holdings completed its acquisition of Southern Air Holdings, including Southern Air Transport and Florida West International Airways, for about 110 million dollars in cash on April 7, 2016.62

Franks v. Delaware

Franks v. Delaware was decided on June 26, 1978. The case arose from a Delaware Supreme Court holding that a defendant "under no circumstances may so challenge the veracity of a sworn statement used by police to procure a search warrant." The United States Supreme Court reversed and held that where a defendant makes a "substantial preliminary showing" that a false statement was included in a warrant affidavit knowingly, intentionally or with reckless disregard for the truth, and the statement is necessary to the finding of probable cause, the Fourth Amendment requires a hearing.63

The doctrine was invoked in United States v. Shea et al. (2020), where a defense motion to suppress filed on August 13, 2021 argued that the warrant affidavit omitted material information about the confidential informant who provided the basis for the warrant.64

Wilmington and the Passport Foundation

Air Ghislaine, Inc. and Hyperion Air both gave Wilmington registered addresses. The Passport Foundation, an organization with its address in Wilmington and administered by Foundation Source, reports SALT Fund Management LLC's SALT Fund I, L.P. among its other investments on its Form 990-PF from 2021 onward.65

Valmy, Greenville and the Psychosynthesis Research Foundation

Roberto Assagioli wrote that the Psychosynthesis Research Foundation was created in 1957 with its own seat at Valmy in Greenville, Delaware, and that an international congress was held at Valmy in 1959.66 The London institute's history states that the foundation was created in New York under the patronage of the DuPont family and names Frank Hilton as its head in New York.67 A Saturday Review directory of July 12, 1969 lists the foundation in New York with Hilton as director.68

On January 24, 1966, Governor Charles L. Terry Jr. of Delaware proclaimed the repeal of the charters of corporations that had failed for two years to pay assessed taxes, and the list printed in the Laws of Delaware includes the Psychosynthesis Research Foundation.69 The foundation's notice of December 1, 1967 gives its New York office and, as its registered office and treasurer, an address in Wilmington.70

Joe Biden and the DuPont family

Joe Biden represented Delaware in the United States Senate. The writer S. Dovey wrote that his first senatorial campaign in the early 1970s was funded and staffed by DuPont employees, that his victory party was held in a DuPont ballroom, and that his family soon moved into an old DuPont family mansion.71

Other Delaware references

Sarah Beth Clendaniel grew up in rural Cecil County, Maryland, a conservative area bordering Delaware and Pennsylvania in the northeastern corner of Maryland.72

The western part of Pennsylvania was split off as the Diocese of Pittsburgh in 1843. At the death of Bishop John Neumann on January 5, 1860, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia, then the Diocese of Philadelphia, still included Delaware. Its estimated Catholic population was 200,000, with 157 churches and 147 priests.73

Relationships 1

Took part in
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1979, Attorney General of Delaware, joint plaintiff with William R. Lummis, in Wier v. Howard Hughes Medical Institute53

Sources

  1. Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. ch. 1. https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/index.html ↩
  2. Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. § 18-201 (certificate of formation). https://delcode.delaware.gov/title6/c018/index.html ↩
  3. 8 Del. C. § 101(a) (incorporators; how corporation formed). https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc01/index.html ↩
  4. 8 Del. C. § 102(a)(1)-(2) (contents of certificate of incorporation). https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc01/index.html ↩
  5. 8 Del. C. § 102(b)(7) (exculpation of directors and officers). https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc01/index.html ↩
  6. 8 Del. C. § 220 (inspection of books and records). https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc07/index.html ↩
  7. Corporate Transparency Act, Pub. L. 116-283, div. F, tit. LXIV, §§ 6401-6403 (Jan. 1, 2021), codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5336. ↩
  8. FinCEN, "Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Requirement Revision and Deadline Extension," interim final rule, 90 Fed. Reg. 13688 (Mar. 26, 2025). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/26/2025-05199/beneficial-ownership-information-reporting-requirement-revision-and-deadline-extension ↩
  9. FinCEN, "Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Requirement Revision," final rule, 91 Fed. Reg. 52508 (Aug. 14, 2026). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/08/14/2026-16576/beneficial-ownership-information-reporting-requirement-revision ↩
  10. State of Delaware, Division of Corporations, Entity Details, GeoMiliTech Consultants Corp., File Number 2015058, formation date 8/15/1983, registered agent Corporation Guarantee and Trust Company, Rodney Square, Wilmington. https://icis.corp.delaware.gov/ecorp/entitysearch/namesearch.aspx ↩
  11. Christopher Byron, "Did Convict Arif Durrani Help Set the Stage for Iran/Contra?" New York, December 16, 1991, pp. 42, 44. https://books.google.com/books?id=6ugCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42 ↩
  12. Mark Phythian, ed., Under the Counter and Over the Border (Springer, 2013), p. 65. ↩
  13. OpenCorporates, company record us_de/2168210 (CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P.), reproducing the Delaware Division of Corporations registry. https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/2168210 ↩
  14. District of Columbia Department of Licensing and Consumer Protection, Business One Stop Shop entity record 058088, Counterterrorism Consultants L.P. https://boss.dc.gov ↩
  15. The Police Chief, vol. 55 (1988), p. 93, membership directory of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. ↩
  16. "A group of top former FBI agents and federal prosecutors," United Press International, August 2, 1988. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/08/02/A-group-of-top-former-FBI-agents-and-federal/9684730900658/ ↩
  17. Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, Pub. L. 80-806, ch. 704, 62 Stat. 1070-1071, June 29, 1948. https://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/farmbills/ccc1948.pdf ↩
  18. Discord Inc., SEC Form D filings (CIK 0001763840), U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, EDGAR. ↩
  19. Jason Citron, testimony, "Big Tech and the Online Child Sexual Exploitation Crisis," hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, January 31, 2024, pp. 1-9. https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/committee-activity/hearings ↩
  20. Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), Expert Report of Jorge Amador, ECF No. 238-31 (filed July 25, 2023). ↩
  21. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00021675 to EFTA00021684, DataSet 8, email chain "RE: FAA Question" between a Special Agent, Federal Aviation Administration, Law Enforcement Assistance Program, Atlanta, and an assistant. ↩
  22. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01703108 to EFTA01703163, DataSet 10, draft indictment, United States v. Epstein (S.D. Fla., unfiled, 2007), paragraphs 3 and 4 and overt acts. ↩
  23. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01703108 to EFTA01703163, DataSet 10, draft indictment, United States v. Epstein (S.D. Fla., unfiled, 2007), paragraphs 5 and 6 and overt acts. ↩
  24. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00289540, DataSet 9, Delaware Secretary of State certificate for AdFin Solutions, Inc., incorporated on the twenty-fifth day of April, A.D. 2011. ↩
  25. Alison Weissbrot, "How Ad/Fin Got Caught In The Crossfire Of The Industry's Transparency Crusade," AdExchanger, July 29, 2019. https://www.adexchanger.com/agencies/how-ad-fin-got-caught-in-the-crossfire-of-the-industrys-transparency ↩
  26. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00289560, DataSet 9, AdFin Solutions, Inc. Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 28, 2012, sections 1.2, 2.1, 5.7 and Exhibit A. ↩
  27. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00289560, DataSet 9, Exhibit A, Schedule of Purchasers (pages EFTA00289583 to EFTA00289585). ↩
  28. U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00289560, DataSet 9, letter agreement of July 2013 between AdFin Solutions, Inc. and CVAFH I LLC (pages EFTA00289678 to EFTA00289680). ↩
  29. Alison Weissbrot, "After A Rocky Road, Ad/Fin Shuts Its Doors," AdExchanger, October 17, 2019. https://www.adexchanger.com/agencies/after-a-rocky-road-ad-fin-shuts-its-doors/ ↩
  30. Form D, 1517 Fund I, L.P., CIK 0001651759, accession 0001651759-15-000001, filed August 31, 2015. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1651759/000165175915000001/primary_doc.xml ↩
  31. Form D, 1517 Fund I Sidecar LP, CIK 0001658654, accession 0001658654-15-000001, filed December 1, 2015. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1658654/000165865415000001/primary_doc.xml ↩
  32. Bridgewater Associates, LP, Form ADV Part 1A, SEC File No. 801-35875, CRD No. 105129, filing date August 18, 2026, Schedules A, B and D. ↩
  33. Connecticut General Assembly, Office of Fiscal Analysis, "Analysis of State Bond Commission Agenda Items for May 27, 2016 Meeting," item D, Bridgewater Associates, First Five (22,000,000). ↩
  34. ICONIQ Capital, LLC, Form ADV Part 2A, Firm Brochure, March 26, 2026, CRD 159198, SEC file 801-72878. https://files.adviserinfo.sec.gov/IAPD/Content/Common/crd_iapd_Brochure.asp ↩
  35. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, BrokerCheck Report, Jane Street Capital, LLC, CRD 103782, SEC 8-52275, firm profile, direct and indirect owners. ↩
  36. Securities and Exchange Board of India, "Interim Order in the matter of Index manipulation by Jane Street Group," WTM/AN/MRD/MRD-SEC-3/31516/2025-26, July 3, 2025. ↩
  37. Form D, Minerva Project, Inc., filed April 6, 2012, accession 0001546672-12-000001, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, EDGAR. ↩
  38. Braintree, Inc., Form D, filed July 13, 2011, SEC accession 0001524770-11-000001. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524770/000152477011000001/primary_doc.xml ↩
  39. SkyBridge Capital II, LLC, Form ADV Part 1A, annual amendment printed March 31, 2026, CRD 148152, SEC file 801-71056, Schedule A and Section 7.B.(1). https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/summary/148152 ↩
  40. Federal Trade Commission, In the Matter of Cambridge Analytica, LLC, Docket No. 9383, Opinion of the Commission, November 25, 2019, section I. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/d09389_comm_final_opinion ↩
  41. U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election, Volume 5: Counterintelligence Threats and Vulnerabilities (August 18, 2020), pp. 664-667, 679. ↩
  42. Rick E. Yannuzzi, "In-Q-Tel: A New Partnership Between the CIA and the Private Sector," Defense Intelligence Journal 9, no. 1 (Winter 2000): 25-37. ↩
  43. In-Q-Tel, "Our Milestones." https://www.iqt.org/about/our-milestones ↩
  44. In-Q-Tel, Inc., Internal Revenue Service Form 990, fiscal years 2011 to 2025, via ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer. ↩
  45. Stephen E. Doyle and Michael Ciancone, "Aerojet Engineering Corporation: Stimulation and Creation, 1935-1942," IAC-19-E4.2.1, 53rd IAA History of Astronautics Symposium (2019). ↩
  46. FBI, Peloquin file, Part 01, Director to SAC New York, July 24, 1970, p. 8; New York office transmittal of August 5, 1970, enclosing the International Intelligence, Inc. brochure (officers, purposes, incorporation). https://archive.org/details/robert-peloquin-fbi-file ↩
  47. Harken Energy Corporation, proxy statement (Schedule 14A), filed April 25, 1994. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/313478/0000950134-94-000454.txt ↩
  48. Harken Energy Corporation, Form 10-K for 1993, filed March 29, 1994, "Bahrain Operations." https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/313478/0000950134-94-000289.txt ↩
  49. Richard Behar, "Global Intrigue: The Wackiest Rig in Texas," Time, October 28, 1991. https://time.com/archive/6718865/global-intrigue-the-wackiest-rig-in-texas/ ↩
  50. Craig Unger, "Mystery man," Salon, April 28, 2004. https://www.salon.com/2004/04/28/james_bath/ ↩
  51. Jonathan Beaty, "A Mysterious Mover of Money and Planes," Time, October 28, 1991. https://time.com/archive/6718843/a-mysterious-mover-of-money-and-planes/ ↩
  52. Wier v. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 407 A.2d 1051 (Del. Ch. 1979), decided October 26, 1979 (Marvel, Ch.), citing In re Buck Trust, 301 A.2d 328 (Del. Ch. 1973). https://static.case.law/a2d/407/cases/1051-01.json ↩
  53. Wier v. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 404 A.2d 140 (Del. Ch. 1979), decided June 26, 1979 (Marvel, Ch.). https://static.case.law/a2d/404/cases/0140-01.json. On Marvel's service (Vice Chancellor from September 8, 1954 and later Chancellor, until May 1, 1982): Delaware Court of Chancery, history of the court, https://courts.delaware.gov/chancery/history.aspx ↩
  54. BGC Partners, Inc., Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020, sections "Newmark IPO, Separation Transaction and Spin-Off" and Legal Proceedings; In re BGC Partners, Inc. Consolidated Derivative Litigation, C.A. No. 2018-0722-AGB, Memorandum Opinion (Del. Ch. Sept. 30, 2019), pp. 1-2. ↩
  55. In re BGC Partners, Inc. Consolidated Derivative Litigation, C.A. No. 2018-0722-AGB, Memorandum Opinion (Del. Ch. Sept. 30, 2019) (Bouchard, C.), submitted June 6, 2019, pp. 1-3, 14, 38-40. https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=295730 ↩
  56. In re BGC Partners, Inc. Derivative Litigation, No. 359, 2022 (Del. Aug. 10, 2023) (order). https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=351370 ↩
  57. Robert Engler, "In a ruling that soon may be moot," United Press International, Wilmington, Del., May 20, 1985. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/20/In-a-ruling-that-soon-may-be-moot-a/3317485409600/ ↩
  58. In re United Press International, Inc., 60 B.R. 265 (Bankr. D.D.C. Apr. 22, 1986) (Bason, J.) (Bankruptcy No. 85-00257; consent order of May 28, 1985). https://static.case.law/br/60/cases/0265-01.json ↩
  59. In re FTX Trading Ltd., No. 22-11068 (JTD) (Bankr. D. Del.), petition filed November 11, 2022, Judge John T. Dorsey; United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, case page. https://www.deb.uscourts.gov/22-11068 ↩
  60. Complaint of FTX Trading Ltd., Island Bay Ventures Inc. and Clifton Bay Investments LLC v. SkyBridge Capital II LLC et al. (Bankr. D. Del., filed Nov. 8, 2024), as reported by Offshore Alert, https://offshorealert.com/ftx-trading-ltd-et-al-v-anthony-scaramucci-et-al-complaint-100m-damages, and Cointelegraph, https://cointelegraph.com/news/ftx-estate-sues-scaramucci-s-sky-bridge-capital ↩
  61. American Bankruptcy Institute case summary, Southern Air Holdings, Chapter 11 petitions, Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, September 28, 2012. ↩
  62. Ivan Nadalet, "Atlas Air completes acquisition of Southern Air," ch-aviation, April 8, 2016. https://www.ch-aviation.com/news/45363-atlas-air-completes-acquisition-of-southern-air ↩
  63. Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978), decided June 26, 1978, quoting the Delaware Supreme Court's holding that a defendant "under no circumstances may so challenge the veracity of a sworn statement used by police to procure a search warrant." https://static.case.law/us/438/cases/0154-01.json ↩
  64. Motion to Suppress, United States v. Shea et al., No. 2:20-cr-00032 (W.D. Wash.), August 13, 2021. https://archive.org/details/kaleb-cole-august-13-2021-motion-to-suppress-1 ↩
  65. Passport Foundation, Form 990-PF filings, EIN 26-1580196, Wilmington, Delaware, 2021 onward, administered by Foundation Source. ↩
  66. Roberto Assagioli, "Psicosintesi e parapsicologia," typescript, Archivio Assagioli, Istituto di Psicosintesi, Florence, pp. 1-2 (Italian; translated here). ↩
  67. "History of the Institute of Psychosynthesis, London," psychosynthesis.org. ↩
  68. Saturday Review, July 12, 1969 (vol. 52, no. 28), directory of organizations, "Psychosynthesis Research Foundation," New York, "Frank Hilton, director." https://archive.org/details/saturday-review_202511 ↩
  69. Laws of Delaware, vol. 55, part 2, chapter 559, Proclamation of Governor Charles L. Terry Jr., January 24, 1966, under 8 Del. C. sections 511 and 512, pp. 1694-1714. ↩
  70. Psychosynthesis Research Foundation, notice of December 1, 1967, Delaware filing. ↩
  71. S. Dovey, Eye of the Chickenhawk (2023), passages on Joe Biden's first Senate campaign and the DuPont family. ↩
  72. Cecil Daily, "Woman charged in neo-Nazi plot has criminal record in Cecil County," February 2023. https://www.cecildaily.com/news/woman-charged-in-neo-nazi-plot-has-criminal-record-in-cecil-county/article_b079a3b8-c164-5fd2-8562-2b2d092d690f.html ↩
  73. James Loughlin, "Archdiocese of Philadelphia," The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 11 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911). https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11793b.htm ↩

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